Not until the recent years ___the importance of mastering a foreign language.

ckup available for the target database was taken two days ago. Log files switches have occurred in last two days. The target database is duplicated on the same host, using the Recovery Manager (RMAN) duplicate command as follows:Which statement is true about the duplicate database in this scenario？（）

A. It contains data till the last backup

B. It contains all data from target database until the current time

C. It contains all data from only the committed transactions in the target database

D. It contains all data except that which is used by the transactions in the current online redo file of target database

A.of B.as C.on D.up E.between

Fears of high cholesterol were frequently voiced ____1 until the mid-1990s.However,more recent research has shown that the distinction ___2 high-and low-densitylipoprotein("good"and"bad"cholesterol,respectively)must be addressed when speaking ____3 the potential ill effects of cholesterol.Different types of dietary fat have different effects ___4 blood levels of cholesterol.For example,polyunsaturated fats tend to decrease both types of cholesterol;monounsaturated fats tend to lower LDL and raise HDL;saturated fats tend to either raise HDL,or raise both HDL and LDL;and trans fat tend to raise LDL and lower HDL.Dietary cholesterol itself is only found in animal products such ____5 meat,eggs,and dairy,but studies have shown that even large amounts of dietary cholesterol only have negligible effects on blood cholesterol.

Salt may seem rather a strange 【B1】 to use as money, 【B2】 in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 【B3】 necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 【B4】 , were used as money in some countries until recent 【B5】 and cakes of salt 【B6】 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells 【B7】 as money at some time 【B8】 another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 【B9】 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 【B10】 from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, 【B11】 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 【B12】 paper money. It can either be exchanged 【B13】 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 【B14】 in flat, round pieces with a bole in the middle, called "cash". The 【B15】 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old--older than the earliest coins of the easterr Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have 【B16】 nearly all the more picturesque 【B17】 of money, and 【B18】 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 【B19】 such as weddings and funerals, examples of 【B20】 money will soon be found only in museums.

【B1】

A．object

B．article

C．substance

D．category

Salt may seem rather a strange 【B1】 to use as money, 【B2】 in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable, it is often an 【B3】 necessity. Cakes of salt, stamped to show their 【B4】 , were used as money in some countries until recent 【B5】 and cakes of salt 【B6】 buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa. Sea shells 【B7】 as money at some time 【B8】 another over the greater part of the Old World. These were 【B9】 mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean, and were traded to India and China. In Africa, shells were traded right across the 【B10】 from East to West. Metal, valued by weight, 【B11】 coins in many parts of the world. Iron, in lumps, bars or rings, is still used in many countries 【B12】 paper money. It can either be exchanged 【B13】 goods, or made into tools, weapons, or ornaments. The early money of China, apart from shells, was of bronze, 【B14】 in flat, round pieces with a bole in the middle, called "cash". The 【B15】 of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old--older than the earliest coins of the easterr Mediterranean. Nowadays, coins and notes have 【B16】 nearly all the more picturesque 【B17】 of money, and 【B18】 in one or two of the more remote countries people still keep it for future use on ceremonial 【B19】 such as weddings and funerals, examples of 【B20】 money will soon be found only in museums.

【B1】

A．object

B．article

C．substance

D．category

t has been, since antiquity, distinct from and superior to any particular intellectual discipline such as theology or science.

The basis for this view, however, lies in a serious misinterpretation of the past, a projection of modern concerns onto past events.

The idea of an autonomous discipline called “philosophy,” distinct from and sitting in judgment on such pursuits as theology and science turns out, on close examination, to be of quite recent origin.

When, in the seventeenth century, Descartes and Hobbes rejected medieval philosophy, they did not think of themselves, as modern philosophers do, as proposing a new and better philosophy, but rather as furthering “the warfare between science and theology.”

They were fighting, albeit discreetly, to open the intellectual world to the new science and to liberate intellectual life from ecclesiastical philosophy and envisioned their work as contributing to the growth, not of philosophy, but of research in mathematics and physics.

This link between philosophical interests and scientific practice persisted until the nineteenth century, when decline in ecclesiastical power over scholarship and changes in the nature of science provoked the final separation of philosophy from both.

The demarcation of philosophy from science was facilitated by the development in the early nineteenth century of a new notion, that philosophy‘s core interest should be epistemology, the general explanation of what it means to know something.

Modern philosophers now trace that notion back at least to Descartes and Spinoza, but it was not explicitly articulated until the late eighteenth century, by Kant, and did not become built into the structure of academic institutions and the standard self-descriptions of philosophy professors until the late nineteenth century.

Without the idea of epistemology, the survival of philosophy in an age of modern science is hard to imagine.

Metaphysics, philosophy‘s traditional core—considered as the most general description of how the heavens and the earth are put together—had been rendered almost completely meaningless by the spectacular progress of physics.

Kant, however, by focusing philosophy on the problem of knowledge, managed to replace metaphysics with epistemology, and thus to transform. the notion of philosophy as “queen of sciences” into the new notion of philosophy as a separate, foundational discipline: philosophy became “primary” no longer in the sense of “highest” but in the sense of “underlying”.

1.Which of the following best expresses the author‘s main point？

A.Philosophy‘s overriding interest in basic human questions is a legacy primarily of the work of Kant.

B.Philosophy was deeply involved in the seventeenth-century warfare between science and religion.

C.The set of problems of primary importance to philosophers has remained relatively constant since antiquity.

D.The status of philosophy as an independent intellectual pursuit is a relatively recent development.

E.The role of philosophy in guiding intellectual speculation has gradually been usurped by science.

2.The author of the passage implies which of the following in discussing the development of philosophy during the nineteenth century？

(A) Nineteenth-century philosophy took science as its model for understanding the bases of knowledge.

(B) The role of academic institutions in shaping metaphysical philosophy grew enormously during the nineteenth century.

(C) Nineteenth-century philosophers carried out a program of investigation explicitly laid out by Descartes and Spinoza.

(D) Kant had an overwhelming impact on the direction of nineteenth-century philosophy.

(E) Nineteenth-century philosophy made major advances in understanding the nature of knowledge.

3.The author suggests that Descartes‘ support for the new science of the seventeenth century can be characterized as

(A) pragmatic and hypocritical

(B) cautious and inconsistent

(C) daring and opportunistic

(D) intense but fleeting

(E) strong but prudent

4.With which of the following statements concerning the writing of history would the author of the passage be most likely to agree？

(A) History should not emphasize the role played by ideas over the role played by individuals.

(B) History should not be distorted by attributing present-day consciousness to historical figures.

(C) History should not be focused primarily on those past events most relevant to the present.

(D) History should be concerned with describing those aspects of the past that differ most from those of the present.

(E) History should be examined for the lessons it can provide in understanding current problems.

选词填空：The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which many a modern beerits bitter flavor, are a 26 recent additions to the beverage. Thiswas mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchershave found a 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewingequipment. While excavating two pits at a site in thecentral plains of China, scientists discovered pottery fragments from pots,funnels, amphorae, and stoves (stove fragment pictured). The different shapesof the containers 28 theywere used to brew, filter, and store beer—they may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29 evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers report online today in theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.To30 thathypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 insidethe vessels. The majority of the grains—about 80%—were from cereal cropslike barley (大麦), andabout 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily,which would have sweetened the brew, the scientists say. Barley was anunexpected find: The crop was domesticated in western Eurasia and didn’t becomea 33 food incentral China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. basedon that timing, they suggest barley may have 34 in theregion not as food, but as 35 material forbeerbrewing.

A) arrived

B) consuming

C) direct

D) exclusively

E) including

F) inform

G) raw

H) reached

I) relatively

J) remains

K) resources

L) staple

M) suggest

N) surprising

O) test

y parts of the world today．Salt may seem rather a strange(19)_______to use as money，(20)_______in countries where the food of the people is mainly vegetable，it is often an(21)_______necessity．Cakesb of salt，stamped to show their(22)_______，were used as money in some countries until recent(23)_______ ，and cakes of salt(24)_______buy goods in Borneo and parts of Africa． Sea shells(25)_______as money at some time(26)_______another over the greater part of the Old world．These were(27)_______mainly from the beaches of the Maldives Islands in the Indian Ocean，and were traded to India and China．In Africa，shells were traded tight acrossthe(28)_______from East to West． Metal，valued by weight，(29)_______ coins in many parts of the world．Iron，in lumps，bars or rings，is still used in many countries(30)_______paper money．It Can either be exchanged(31)_______goods，or made into tools，weapons，or ornaments．The early money of China，apart from shells，was of bronze，(32) _______in flat，round pieces with a hole in the middle，called“cash”．The(33) _______of these are between three thousand and four thousand years old older than the earliest coins of the eastern Mediterranean． Nowadays，coins and notes have replaced nearly all the more picturesque forms of money，and while in one or two of the more remote countries people still hold it for future use on ceremonial occasions such as weddings and funerals，examples of primitive money will soon be found only in museums．

A.object

B.article

C.substance

D.category

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花)，for example, which give many a modem beer its bitter flavor, are a (26)_______ recent addition to the beverage. This was first mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a (27)_______ingredient in residue (残留物)from 5,000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While digging two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and vessels. The different shapes of the containers (28)_______ they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest (29_______ evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To (30)_______ that theory, the team examined the yellowish, dried (31)_______ inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦),and about 10% were bits of roots, (32)_______lily,which would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn&39;t become a (33)_______food in central China until about 2,000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have (34)_______ in the region not as food, but as (35)_______material for beer brewing.

A) Arrived

B) consuming

C) direct

D) exclusively

E) including

F) inform

G) raw

H) reached

I) relatively

J) remains

K)resources

L) staple

M) suggest

N) surprising

O) test

Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

The method for making beer has changed over time. Hops (啤酒花), for example, which give many a modern beer its bitter flavor, are a- 26 recent addition to the beverage. This was mentioned in reference to brewing in the ninth century. Now, researchers have found a--- 27 ingredient in residue (残留物) from 5000-year-old beer brewing equipment. While excavating two pits at a site in the central plains of China, scientists discovered fragments from pots and ve__ . The different shapes of the containers 28they were used to brew, filter, and store beer. They --may be ancient “beer-making tools,” and the earliest 29evidence of beer brewing in China, the researchers reported in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. To 30that hypothesis, the team examined the yellowish, dried 31 inside the vessels. The majority of the grains, about 80%, were from cereal crops like barley (大麦), and about 10% were bits of roots, 32 lily, would have made the beer sweeter, the scientists say. Barley was an unexpected find: the crop was domesticated in Western Eurasia and didn’t become a 33food in central China until about 2000 years ago, according to the researchers. Based on that timing, they indicate barley may have 34in the region not as food, but as35material for beer brewing.