A．effectiveB．activeC．protectiveD．descriptive

Why does the author mention the California gold rush?

A．To explain the need for an increased supply of gold.

B．To indicate the extent.of United States mineral wealth.

C．To describe the mood when oil was first discovered.

D．To argue that gold was more valuable than oil.

What makes Cog special?

A．It looks 1ike a mother．

B．It behaves 1ike a child．

C．It can imitate血e behavior. of a mother

D．It has a huge brain

Newcomers

When a country is under-populated, newcomers are not competitors, hut assistants. If more come they may produce not only new quotas, but a surplus as well. In such a state of things land is (51) and cheap. The possession of it (52) no power or privilege. No one will work for another for wages (53) he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no one to own more land than he can cultivate by his own labor, or with such aid as his own family (54) . Hence, again, land (55) little or no rent; there will be no landlords living on rent and no laborers living on (56) , but only a middle class of yeoman farmers(自耕农). All are (57) on an equality, and democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is based, is realized as a fact. The same effects are powerfully (58) by other facts. In a new and under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the extractive industries. The (59) of these, with the exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call (60) only a low organization of labor and small amount of cap ital. Hence they allow the workman to become (61) his own master, and they educate him to freedom, independence, and self reliance. At the same time, the social groups being only (62) marked off from each other, it is easy to (63) from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, under the same circumstances, education, skill, and superior training have but inferior value compared with what they have in (64) populated countries. The (65) lie in an under-populated country, with the coarse, unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science, literature, and art.

(51)

A．scarce

B．sacred

C．abundant

D．extractive

A．the idea

B．it

C．they

D．the spruce

In short, I am going to livethere myself.

A．In other words

B．That is to say

C．Ina word

D．To be frank

A．taught

B．believed

C．tried

D．allowed

If the salinity(含盐量) of ocean waters is analyzed, it is round to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation—conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the sales stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind; this, by the way, is how much of the table salt we use is actually obtained.

The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is frozen, the dissolved materials are left behind. In this manner, seawater directly beneath freshly formed sea ice has a higher salinity than it did before the ice appeared. Of course, when this ice melts, it will tend to decrease the salinity of the surrounding water.

In the Weddell Sea, off Antarctica, the densest water in the oceans is formed as a result of this freezing process, which increases the salinity of cold water. This heavy water sinks and is found in the deeper portions of the oceans of the world.

What does the passage mainly discuss?

A．The elements of salt.

B．The bodies of water of the world.

C．The many forms of ocean life.

D．The salinity of ocean water.

The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

One of the greatest mysteries of the world, for 'which scientist have so far been unable to find any satisfactory explanation, is the Bermuda Triangle, sometime called "the Graveyard of the Atlantic." This is an area of the western Atlantic between Bermuda and Florida, roughly triangular in shape where since 1945 at least a hundred ships and planes and over a thousand people have disappeared. No wreckage had been found, no bodies, lifebelts or any other evidence of disater. It is as if these planes, ships and people had never existed. In some cases a routine radio message has been received from aircraft reporting everything in order a few minutes before all contact was lost, in others a weak S. O. S message has been picked up and, in perfect weather, inexplicable references to fog and loss of bearings. In the extraordinary case of five U. $. navy planes disappearing on a routine mission from Florida, the rescue place sent to locate them vanished also. There have been references to the curious white light or haze which is a feature of the sea in part of this area, and it is interesting to note that not only was this light, or streaks of light, observed by the astronauts on their way to space, but was also noted by Columbus, five centuries ago. Whether this light has any connection with the mysterious disappearance is unknown-it is just another curious circumstance as yet unexplained.

Many theories, some bordering on the fantastic, have been advanced to account for the disturbing incidents that occur in the area of the Bermuda Triangle. It has been asked whether these disappearances are caused by extraterrestrial activity, by some undiscovered source of energy, or some dimension of time or space unguessed at by Man. This is no answer and speculation continues as anxiety increases.

What is the most puzzling feature of the incidents that have occurred in the Bermuda Triangle area?

A．The unexplained wreckage found in the area.

B．The lack of evidence of disaster.

C．The appearance of the wreckage.

D．The disastrous losses in the area.

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