A child of ten who is two years retarded has a mental age of ______.A．nineB．tenC．eightD．tw

owever.One, loosely based on Freudian ideas,has presented an image of the vulnerable child:children are sensitive beings,easily damaged not only by traumatic events and emotional stress,but also by overdoses of affection.The 2nd model is that of the behaviorists,whose intellectual ancestors,the empiricist philosophers,described the child's mind as a tabula rasa,or blank slate.The behaviorist model of child-rearing is based on the view that the child is malleable,and parents are therefore cast in the role of Pygmalions who can shape their children however they wish."Give me a dozen healthy infants,well-formed,and my own specified world to bring them up in,"wrote J.B.Watson,the father of modern behaviorism,"and I'll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist I might-doctor,lawyer,artist,merchant,chief, and yes,even beggar man and thief!"The image of the vulnerable child calls for gentle parents who are sensitive to their child's inner-most thoughts and feelings in order to protect him from trauma.The image of the malleable child requires stem parents who coolly follow the dictates of their own explicit training procedures:only the early eradication of bad habits in eating,sleeping,crying,can fend off permanent maladjustments.

问题： The image of the malleable child needs parents who are ()

A、tender

B、sensitive

C、moderate

D、strict

was perfectly empty save for tall grey curtains which enclosed it on all sides, and presently through the thick folds of those curtains children came dancing in, singly, or in pairs, till a whole troop of ten or twelve were assembled. They were all girls; none, I think more than fourteen years old, one or two certainly not more than eight. They wore but little clothing, their legs, feet and arms being quite bare. Their hair, too, was unbound; and their faces, grave and smiling, were so utterly dear and joyful, that in looking on them one felt transported to some Garden of Hesperides, a where self was not, and the spirit floated in pure ether. Some of these children were fair and rounded, others dark and elf-like; but one and all looked entirely happy, and quite unself-conscious, giving no impression of artifice, though they had evidently had the highest and most careful training. Each flight and whirling movement seemed conceived there and then out of the joy of being—dancing had surely never been a labour to them, either in rehearsal or performance. There was no tiptoeing and posturing, no hopeless muscular achievement; all was rhythm, music, light, air, and above all things, happiness. Smiles and love had gone to the fashioning of their performance; and smiles and love shone from every one of their faces and from the clever white turnings of their limbs.

Amongst them—though all were delightful—there were two who especially riveted my attention. The first of these two was the tallest of all the children, a dark thin girl, in whose every expression and movement there was a kind of grave, fiery love.

During one of the many dances, it fell to her to be the pursuer of a fair child, whose movements had a very strange soft charm; and this chase, which was like the hovering of a dragonfly round some water lily, or the wooing of a moonbeam by the June night, had in it a most magical sweet passion. That dark, tender huntress, so full of fire and yearning, had the queerest power of symbolising all longing, and moving one’s heart In her, pursuing her white love with such wistful fervour, and ever arrested at the very moment of conquest, one seemed to see the great secret force that hunts through the world, on and on, tragically unresting, immortally sweet.

The other child who particularly enhanced me was the smallest but one, a brown-haired fairy crowned with a haft moon of white flowers, who wore a scanty little rose-petal-coloured shift that floated about her in the most delightful fashion. She danced as never child danced. Every inch of her small bead and body was full of the sacred fire of motion; and in her little pas seul she seemed to be the very spirit of movement. One felt that Joy had flown down, and was inhabiting there; one heard the rippling of Joy’s laughter. And, indeed, through all the theatre had risen a rustling and whispering; and sudden bursts of laughing rapture.

I looked at my friend; he was trying stealthily to remove something from his eyes with a finger. And to myself the stage seemed very misty, and all things in the world lovable; as though that dancing fairy had touched them with tender fire, and made them golden.

God knows where she got that power of bringing joy to our dry hearts: God knows how long she will keep it! But that little flying Love had in her the quality that lie deep in colour, in music, in the wind, and the sun, and in certain great works of art—the power to see the heart free from every barrier, and flood it with delight.

From this passage, it can be inferred that

A．the dancing girls are an very beautiful.

B．the girls come from all over the world.

C．the two tallest girls are the outstanding dancers.

D．the girls' performance is very successful.

A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was

to turn the tables on those who don't think it's possible to be middle-class, conservative, educated and still be truly black. Once, during an abortion debate, a woman in the audience angrily told James she was so middle-class she didn't have a clue about real African American life. "If you understood what these women go through," the woman said, "you would realize that abortion is their only choice."

James then asked the woman to consider a poor black mother on welfare. She already has four children and an alcoholic husband who has all but abandoned the family. Now she discovers another child is on the way. "How would you counsel that woman？" asked James.

"Have an abortion," the woman responded. "That child would have a very poor quality of life."

"I have a vested interest in your answer," James said. "The woman I described was my mother. I was the fifth of six children born into poverty. And, in case you're interested, the quality of my life is just fine!"

Kay James ______.

A．is not a black

B．is a poor black mother

C．has five brothers and sisters

D．has a hard life

f, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.

If you say to your children "I'm sorry I got angry with you, but...", what follows that "but" can render the apology ineffective: "I had a bad day" or "your noise was giving me a headache" leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior. in expecting an apology.

Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say "I'm sorry you're upset"; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.

Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying "I'm useless as a parent" does not commit a person lo any specific improvement.

These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.

But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other children's expectations can require an apology. A twelve-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parent's clothes without permission is not.

If a mother adds "but" to an apology, ______.

A．she doesn't feel that she should have apologized

B．she does not realize that the child has been hurt

C．the child may find the apology easier to accept

D．the child may feel that he owes her an apology

Do parents owe their children anything？ Yes, they owe them a great deal.

(69) One of their chief duties is to give their children a sense of personal worth, for self-esteem is the basis of a good mental health. A youngster who is often made to feel stupid, often compared to brighter brothers, sisters, or cousins, will not feel confident and become so afraid of failing, that he (or she ) won't try at all. Of course, they should be corrected when they do wrong, this is the way children learn. But the criticisms should be balanced with praises.

Parents owe their children firm guidance and consistent discipline. It is frightening for a youngster to feel that he is in charge of himself; it's like being in a car without brakes. The parent who says "No" when other parents say "Yes" sends a double message. He is also saying: "I love you, and I am ready to risk your anger, because I don't want you to get into trouble. "

Parents owe their children a comfortable feeling about their body, and enough information about sex to balance the wrong information that they will surely receive from their friends.

Parents owe their children privacy and respect for their personal things. This means not borrowing things without being permitted, not reading diaries and mail, not looking through pockets. If a mother feels that she must read her daughter's diary to know what is going on, the communication between them must be pretty bad.

Parents own their children a set of solid values around which to build their lives. (70) This means teaching them to respect the rights and opinions of others: it means respecting elders, teachers and the law. The best way to teach such values is by example. A child who is lied to will lie. A child who sees his parents steal tools from the factory or towels from a hotel will think that it is all right to steal. A youngster who sees no laughter and no love in the home will have a difficult time laughing and loving.

No child asks to be born. If you bring a life into the world, you owe the child something. And if you give rim his due, he' 11 have something of value to pass along to your grandchildren.

According to the passage, parents owe their children the following things Except______.

A．privacy

B．cars

C．respect of self

D．information about their body

into the world of paid work continues to cause suspicion. One recent survey found that 48 percent of Americans believe that preschoolers suffer if their mothers work, while another found that 42 percent of employed parents think that working mothers care more about succeeding at work than meeting their children's needs.

All mothers deserve our support--those who care for children at home and those who have joined the work force. But many working mothers continue to believe that they are shortchanging (少找钱)their children. They shouldn't. Research tells us that kids do just fine when mothers work.

Suzanne Bianchi a scientist of the University of Maryland, has found that mothers today spend as much if not more time with their children than they did in 1965, even though the percentage of mothers who work rose from 35 percent to 71 percent. Then there are the obvious financial benefits. For many children, these earnings are the difference between living in poverty—or out of it.

The kids are all right. Studies conducted by the University of Michigan have consistently demonstrated that a child's social or academic competence does not depend on whether a mother is employed. In my research four out of five children (nine out of ten in single parent families) told me that having a working mother was their preferred arrangement. My study found that children with working mothers are no more likely to drop out, take drugs, break the law, or experiment with sex prematurely than children with non-employed mothers. Children have taken their mothers' example to heart. Ninety percent of the young women I interviewed said they hoped to combine work with motherhood, while two-thirds of the men said they wanted to share parenting and work.

Sadly, children support working mothers more than we do as a society. Parental leave and child-care benefits in the United States remain inadequate, particularly when compared to what's offered in other countries. Children thrive when their mothers have satisfying, well-paid jobs when they can count on other caretakers to share the load. The challenge facing us is thus not whether good workers can also be good mothers, but whether we can create the conditions that enable working mothers and fathers to be good parents.

From the first paragraph, we can see that ______.

A．now more American mothers are working than any time in American history and anywhere else in the world

B．more than half Americans think that before going to school, children need their mothers' whole-hearted care

C．a majority of Americans believe that once working outside home mothers think of their own work more than their children

D．more American mothers work than ever before, but this problem of working mothers has not been solved satisfactorily

Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate preposition or adverb

1.Her bike has never been used and is ___ perfect condition.

2.You’re confusing me _____ my sister—it was her who was sick on your sofa.

3.As soon as I was ___ board, I began to have second thoughts about leaving.

4.You are acting _____ a complete fool.

5.I can give you an explanation _______ why I’m late.

6.In less than ten years it develops from a seed ____ a full-grown tree.

7.These magazines are produced __ vast numbers.

8.A one-day course for beginners will be held ___ May 14.

9.He woke up in the morning _____ a bad headache.

10.Her singing lessons resulted ___ her getting a part in a musical (音乐喜剧).

remember watching trains flash by and wishing I was on board. I remember going to the airport with my parents when I was 13 and reading the destinations board, seeing all the places that I could go to: Los Angeles, Chicago, London.But the trains passed by and the planes took off without me, so I wandered the world through books. I went to Victorian England in the pages of Middlemarch and A Little Princess, and to St. Petersburg before the fall of the tsar with Anna Karenina.

My home was in a pleasant place outside of Philadelphia. But I really lived, somewhere else. I lived within the covers of books. In books I traveled, not only to other worlds, but into my own. I learned who I was and who I wanted to be, what I might achieve, and what I might dare to dream about my world and myself.

I travel today in the way I once dreamed of traveling as a child- on airplanes and in train. And the irony is that I don’t care for it very much. I am the sort of person who prefers to stay at home, surrounded by family, friends, books. The only thing I do like about traveling is the time on airplanes spent reading.

It turns out that when my younger self thought of taking wing, she wanted only to let her spirit soar. Books are the plane, and the train, and the road. They are the real destinations, and the journey too. They are home.

1.What did the writer do as a curious child？()

A.She visited Victorian England and Tsarist Russia.

B.She flew to Los Angeles, Chicago and London with her parents.

C.She read all kinds of books.

D.She spent lots of time traveling on trains.

2.How does the author feel about travel today？()

A.She doesn’t like it very much.

B.She takes great pleasure in it.

C.She feels tired of it.

D.She feels as excited as when she was young.

3.What did the author learn from books as a child？()

A.About many foreign places.

B.About many historical figures.

C.About the outside world as well as her own self.

D.About the ironies of life.

4.We can infer from the passage that when traveling by air, the author

spends most of her time on the way ().

A.reading books

B.resting herself

C.imagining things

D.letting her spirit soar

5.In this passage the author mainly talks about ().

A.the wonders of travel

B.her growth from an innocent child to a learned woman

C.the benefits of reading

D.the difference between childhood dreams and life’s realities

rry, the man who【21】the ticket. "My ticket was【22】May 22nd, and there was【23】train from Jersey that night. My daughter and I had to stay in a hotel. It cost me＄12."

Harry was worried. He remembered【24】the woman a return ticket. After he【25】the Jersey timetable for May 22nd, he knew she was right. However, had he made【26】mistake？【27】what to do, he smiled at the child, "Did you have a nice holiday in Jersey？" he said to her. "Yes," she answered shyly. "The seashore was【28】and I can swim【29】!"

"That's fine," said Harry. "My little girl can't swim a bit yet. Of course, she's only three..."

Harry turned to the mother, "I remember your ticket, madam," he said. "30 you didn't get one for your daughter,【31】you？"

"Well," the woman looked at the child. "I mean she hasn't started【32】yet. She is only four. "

"A four-year-old child【33】have a ticket, madam. A child's return ticket to Jersey costs ＄13.50. So if the railway pays your hotel bill, you will【34】. ＄1.50. The law is the law, but since the mistake was【35】..."

Saying nothing, the woman stood up, took the child's hand and left the office.

(41)

A．bought

B．sold

C．got

D．paid