社会医学（social medicine）干预的主要人群为（）

Why will business transformation remain a buzzword of the moment？

A.Because channel firms of all stripes continue to assess the direction of their companies in the age of cloud computing, mobility, managed services, big data, social median and other market and technology forces.

B.Because each segment of this technology framework has contributed to economic growth and the well being of society.

C.Because the magnificent advances in medicine, transportation, safety, manufacturing, agriculture, media and communication are almost difficult to comprehend.

D.Because globalization, driven largely by technology, becomes ever more pervasive and influential with each passing year.

standard of living. It is not surprising, 【26】______ , that Americans have valued education for its monetary value. The belief is widespread in the United States 【27】______ the more schooling people have, the more money they will 【28】______ when they leave school. The belief is strongest 【29】______ the desirability of an undergraduate university degree, or a 【30】______ degree such as medicine or law 【31】______ the undergraduate degree. The money value of graduate degrees in 【32】______ such as art, history, or philosophy is not 【33】______ great.

This belief in the monetary value of education is 【34】______ by research outcomes on income. Ben Wattenberg, a social scientist, estimates that in the 【35】______ of a lifetime a man 【36】______ a college school diploma in 1972 could earn about $380,000 more than a man who 【37】______ had a high school diploma. Perhaps this helps to explain survey 【38】______ which showed that Americans who 【39】______ they had lived their lives differently in some way regretted 【40】______ of all that they did not get more education. The regret is 【41】______ by those who have made 【42】______ to the top and by those who have not. 【43】______ a man like Douglas Fraser, the president of the United Auto Workers Union, a nationally known and successful leader, was 【44】______ by regrets that he did not climb higher on the 【45】______ ladder.

【26】

A．however

B．therefore

C．moreover

D．though

r 35 million Americans have physical,【C2】______ , or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are "developmental", i.e., they【C3】______ prior to the individual's twenty second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are【C4】______ enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered "adventitious", i.e.,【C5】______ or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percent age of people with disabilities【C6】______ for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was【C7】______ Advancements in medicine and social services have【C8】______ a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment.【C9】______ , these basics are often not available.【C10】 ______ liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been【C11】______ on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight【C12】______ these infringements (侵害) of civil right. Congress responded by passing major【C13】______ recognizing people with disabilities【C14】 ______ a protected class under civil rights statutes.

【C15】______ today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a【C16】______ of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public【C17】______ , prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer【C18】______ by law from marrying, a person with no【C19】______ to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities Which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

It will only be when public attitude advance as far as laws have【C20】______ disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

【C1】

A．estimated

B．eliminated

C．evaluated

D．esteemed

lf. Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privileged family. (In the United States, that would be considered ―an accident of birth .) Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved —all by themselves. The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up to the social ladder, whereas this is impossible to do in many other countries. The ―self -made man or woman is still very much the ideal in present-day America.

Americans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom, even at the youngest age levels. You may find the value placed on competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in Third World countries find the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally distressing (令人苦恼的). They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human characteristics represented only a peculiarly American (or Western) value.

Americans, valuing competition, have devised an economic system to go with it – free enterprise (自由企业制). Americans feel very strongly that a highly competitive economy will bring out the best in its people and ultimately, that the society which fosters competition will progress most rapidly. If you look for it, you will see evidence in all areas – in all fields as diverse as medicine, the art, education, and sports – that free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.

What does the author mean by saying ―self -made man or woman is still very much the ideal in present-day America？

A.Americans no longer respect those who are born rich as they used to.

B.Americans still respect those who have climbed up the social ladderthrough hard work.

C.Americans think that an ideal man or woman should be born poor.

D.Americans think that only the self-made man or woman is worthy ofrespect.

What does the author think of the American social system？A.It is a system that does not favor those who are born rich.

B.It is a system that makes social climbing very difficult, if not impossible.

C.It makes it comparatively easy for the poor to move up the social ladder.

D.It is the best system possible in the world.

Americans teaching in Third World countries found that _____.A.competition is a unique American (or Western) value.

B.competition must be fostered in the classroom for success in business.

C.cooperation is more important than competition in bringing about progress.

D.competition is one of the universal human characteristics.

We can infer from the passage that free enterprise is _____.A.an economic system allowing free competition among business

B.a belief that competition brings out the best in any individual

C.an attitude that values competition rather than cooperation

D.a theory that advocates competition as the source of all progress

Americans would most likely frown at you if you _____.A.tell them you were born poor and had to work with your hands

B.go around telling people that your father is a self-made man

C.tell them that their social system is not necessarily the best

D.complain that you were born poor and had had no opportunities

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life. and the anthropologist(人类学家)searching for human origins share a common trait(特征), curiosity. Not that nonscientist are not curious；most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic(难以理解的)problems-the scientific method.

Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood, the multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth. science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations.

On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization(使失去个性)of the individual, for stripping(夺去)creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？

A. Scientists and their curiosity.

B. Science and scientific method.

C. Understandings of science.

D. Misunderstandings of science.

education in an institution of higher learning. The word college is used to refer to either a college or a university. These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B．A．) or Bachelor Science (B．S.) degree. Some students attend a junior college (providing only a two-year program) for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a sophomore (二年级生) or junior (三年级生). It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one. Most private schools require strict entrance examinations and a high grade point average (GPA), as well as specific college prep classes in high school. Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive. Poorer students can sometimes attend, however, by earning scholarships. Some college graduates go on to earn advanced masters or doctoral degrees in grad (graduate) school. Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require such advanced studies. Since college costs are very high, most students work at part-time jobs. Some have full-time jobs and go to school part-time. Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money / job demands on their time. While the college and work demands take up the great part of a students time, most still enjoy social activities. Sports, dances, clubs, movies, and plays are all very popular. However, gathering together for long, philosophical talks at a favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity. College education is _______ in America．

A.quite common

B.very rare

C.something difficult

D.almost impossible

About 35% of all high school graduates in America continue their education in an institution of higher learning. The

word college is used to refer to either a college or a university. These institutions offer four-year programs that lead to a Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) or Bachelor Science (B.S.) degree. Some students attend a

junior college (providing only a two-year program) for one to two years before entering a four-year college as a

sophomore (二年级生) or junior (三年级生).

It is generally easier to be accepted at a state university than at a private one. Most private schools require strict

entrance examinations and a high grade point average (GPA), as well as specific college prep classes in high school.

Private schools cost considerably more than state colleges and famous private schools are very expensive. Poorer

students can sometimes attend, however, by earning scholarships. Some college graduates go on to earn advanced

masters or doctoral degrees in grad (graduate) school. Occupations in certain fields such as law or medicine require

such advanced studies.

Since college costs are very high, most students work at part-time jobs. Some have full-time jobs and go to school

part-time. Often some will take five or more years to complete a four-year program because of money / job demands

on their time.

While the college and work demands take up the great part of a student’s time, most still enjoy social activities. Sports,

dances, clubs, movies, and plays are all very popular. However, gathering together for long, philosophical talks at a

favorite meeting place on or near the university is probably the most popular activity.

College education is _______ in America.

A. quite common

B. very rare

C. something difficult

D. almost impossible

the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1, 000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. Pearson has【C1】______together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a【C2】______millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key【C3】______and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an【C4】______life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs【C5】______into use between now and 2040. Pearson also【C6】______a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking【C7】______to our nervous system, computers could pick up【C8】______we feel and, hopefully, simulate【C9】______too so that we can start to【C10】______full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck(甲板演习)," he says. But that, Pearson points【C11】______is only the start of man-machine【C12】______: "It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will【C13】______lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century. "【C14】______his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no【C15】______for when faster-than-light travel will be【C16】______or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does【C17】______social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, 【C18】______problems in 2010 , while the arrival of synthetic【C19】______robots will mean people may not be able to【C20】______between their human friends and the droids(机器人). And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.

【C1】

A．taken

B．pieced

C．kept

D．made

over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are "developmental", i.e., they occur prior to the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered "adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes.

Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities which might lead to the development of long-term relationships.

It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

46.A "developmental" disability ____.

A.develops very slowly over time

B.is caused forces

C.occurs in youth and affects development

D.is getting more and more severe

47.Most disabled people used to die early because ____.

A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B.they were not very well looked after

C.medical techniques were not available

D.they were too poor to get proper treatment

48.In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society ____.

A.more laws should be passed

B.public attitudes should be changed

C.government should provide more aids

D.more public facilities should be set up

49.Which of the following cannot be inferred from the passage____.

A.Many disabled people may remain single for their whole life.

B.The public tends to look down upon the disabled people.

C.The disabled people feel inferior to those surrounding them.

D.Discriminatory laws prevent the disabled from mixing with others.

50.The best title for this passage might be ____.

A.Handicaps of People with Disabilities

B.The difficulties of the Disabled

C.The Causes for Disabilities

D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities

People with disabilities comprise a large part of the population. (残障人士占有人口的大部分比例。)It is estimated that over 35 million Americans have physical, mental, or other disabilities. About half of these disabilities are "developmental", i.e., they occur prior to the individual's twenty-second birthday, often from genetic conditions, and are severe enough to affect three or more areas of development, such as mobility, communication, employment, etc. Most other disabilities are considered "adventitious", i.e., accidental or caused by outside forces.

Prior to the 20th century, only a small percentage of people with disabilities survived for long. Medical treatment for these disabilities was unavailable. Advancements in medicine and social services have created a climate in which people with disabilities can expect to have such basic needs as food, shelter, and medical treatment. Unfortunately, these basics are often not available. Civil liberties such as the right to vote, marry, get an education, and gain employment have historically been denied on the basis of disability.

In recent decades, the disability rights movement has been organized to fight against these infringements of civil rights. Congress responded by passing major legislation recognizing people with disabilities as a protected class under civil rights statutes. Still today, people with disabilities must fight to live their lives independently. It is estimated that more than half of qualified Americans with disabilities are unemployed, and a majority of those who do work are underemployed. About two-thirds live at or below the official poverty level.

Significant barriers, especially in transportation and public awareness, prevent disabled people from taking part in society. For example, while no longer prohibited by law from marrying, a person with no access to transportation is effectively excluded from community and social activities, which might lead to the development of long-term relationships. It will only be when public attitudes advance as far as laws have that disabled people will be fully able to take their rightful place in society.

1.A "developmental" disability ______.

A.develops very slowly over time

B.is caused by outside forces

C.occurs in youth and affects development

D.is getting more and more severe

2.Most disabled people used to die early because ______.

A.disabilities destroyed major bodily functions

B.they could not receive medical care

C.they were not very well looked after

D.they were too poor to get proper treatment

3.What are the two important obstacles that stop the disabled from participating in the society？

A.Public awareness and poverty

B.Poverty and lack of medical treatment

C.Lack of education and the right to vote

D.Transport and public awareness

4.In the author's opinion, to enable the disabled people to take their rightful place in society, ______.

A.more laws should be passed

B.more public facilities should be set up

C.government should provide more aids

D.public attitudes should be changed

5.The best title for this passage might be ______.

A.The difficulties of the Disabled

B.Handicaps of People with Disabilities

C.The Causes for Disabilities

D.Medical Treatments for Disabilities

studio's film Proof of Life. “Wow，why is Meg Ryan smoking up a storm？”Reiner says. “It didn't add to the plot. ”Fourteen months later，Castle Rock has a policy of discouraging tobacco use. Any actor，director or screenwriter who wants to depict it must first meet with Reiner. “They have to make a really good case. ”he says. “Movies are basically advertising cigarettes to kids. ”Movie characters light up more often than people do in real life，argues Stanton Glantz，a professor of medicine who has launched a“Smoke-Free Movies”newspaper ad campaign. His study found that on average the 20 top-grossing films featured 50%more instances of smoking an hour in 2000 than in 1960. And an American Lung Association survey discovered that 61%of the tobacco use in films last year occurred in movies rated G，PG and PG-13. With teen smoking up dramatically in the past decade，a movement is building to hold Hollywood accountable. So Glantz says，“The entertainment industry is in denial. ”

But it's getting an education. Susan Moses，deputy director of Harvard's Center for Health Communication，and Lindsay Doran，former head of United Artists，have been going from one studio to another. They hit the bosses with hard facts：a million teens a year become daily smokers，and a third of those will eventually die from tobacco-related illness. When Doran and Moses met with executives from Imagine Pictures，says Doran，“They said，‘Smoking is not in any of our scripts. ’But then they called the next day and said，‘We looked，and it's everywhere. ’”Karen Kehela，co-chairman of Imagine，recalls trying to take smoking out of one script. after the meeting，“but the actor insisted on smoking,”she says. In fact，many movie stars can't leave their cigarettes in the dressing room. “Actors who smoke look for any reason to integrate it into their characters，”Reiner says. “You have directors who don't care about the social implications or are yielding to the actors. ”

Reiner was astonished at the film Proof of Life made in his studio because______.

A．one of the characters smoked a lot

B．smoking added something to the plot

C．smoking in the film resulted in a storm

D．tobacco use was prohibited from films