自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) The record-smashing quantum computer reminds me of Prince of Persia. A dizzying and prisms that stretch across the room, it looks rather like the light-directing puzzles common in such video games. I long to twist the lenses and shoot laser beams everywhere. That wouldn’t make me popular here. A quiet stillness pervades the Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information, part of the University of Bristol. Because quantum states are fragile, the building’s design dampens vibrations and even filters the power supply to remove electrical noise. Each part of the machine spread before me is carefully aligned so that mixing a pair of light beams carries out a specific calculation. Now, it’s set to tum 21 into 3 and 7, the two prime numbers that it is divisible by. It is the biggest number a quantum computer has ever broken into primes using the famous quantum protocol, Shor’s algorithm. Still, I can do the same thing in my head—so what’s the big deal? The answer is clearer at my next stop, where I see a wafer of 20 or so chips, each a few centimeters long and made of silicon dioxide. Although not yet as capable as the behemoth I first encountered, these chips are the next stage in the lab’s attempt to build quantum computers that outperform even the best non-quantum machines. Information on an ordinary computer is stored as bits, which can be either a 1 or a 0. Quantum bits, or qubits, are both at once, so a large array could process a great deal more information. But assembling even a handful of qubits is tough because of their fragility, so the best way to scale up is to scale down. “You could potentially start doing bigger and more complicated experiments,” says my guide, physicist Graham Marshall. “But can you make it so that it doesn’t feel the presence of the moon, or the movement of tectonic plates? There is a limit to how well you can stabilize something on that scale.” That’s where the chips come in. Instead of using glass prisms to mix photons, channels filled with silicon nitride are etched into the chips’ surface in patterns that I can just make out The channels confine and steer photons, guiding them so that they become “entangled”— a quantum properly needed for computation. This should lead to computers that are easier to stabilize and so can scale up. A similar chip is already hooked up to the internet, making history as the first quantum processor available to the public. Still, the device doesn’t incorporate a photon source or detector—these components spill out across another bench.What does the passage mainly describe?
A．A quantum computer
B．A visit to a computer center
C．A computer game
D．A visit to a quantum lab
2、The building at the Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information is designed to avoid_______.
A．vibrations
B．filtering the power supply
C．quantum states being damaged or spoiled
D．electrical noise
3、All the following distinguish a quantum computer from an ordinary computer EXCEPT_______.
A．the algorithm
B．the size
C．how information is stored
D．the speed
4、The word “behemoth”in line 2, para. 3 refers to_______.
A．quantum computer
B．building
C．something unexpectedly
D．lenses and prisms
5、What can be inferred from the passage about the quantum computer?
A．It must be kept in a quiet place.
B．It is available to the public.
C．It will replace the digital computer.
D．It is still in its infancy.
6、(B) What if there was an easy way to take the carbon dioxide from coal power smokestacks and turn it back into a rock that would sit quietly, deep below the earth’s surface? That would get around a key sticking point of current carbon storage schemes, which entail injecting CO2 into porous sedimentary rock formations such as sandstone一that the gas could eventually escape, seeping back up to the surface and into the atmosphere, heating the planet. Basaltic rock, which makes up part of the earth’s crust, could be an alternative to sedimentary structures. Minerals within basalt, including magnesium, calcium and iron, gradually react with CO2 to form carbonate crystals inside the pores and scams of basalt, entombing the carbon as a permanent solid. This process, known as enhanced weathering, could capture massive amounts of CO2. Engineers are now trying to turn this bit of chemistry into practice. This summer near Wallula, Wash., engineers injected almost 1,000 metric tons of CO2 into layered basalt more than 800 meters belowground. For the next year they are monitoring how quickly and extensively those carbonate crystals appear. Some scientists have presumed that the process takes millennia to occur naturally, but laboratory results suggest it can occur in less than a decade. “It’s not 1,000 years—it’s not even several centuries,” says Pete McGrail, an environmental engineer at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, which oversees the project. “We’re talking a few years to a few decades to complete the mineralization.” That is quick enough to make a difference in the fight against global warming. Researchers expect to know more in December, when they have their first drill samples. Engineers at a second project in Iceland, known as CarbFix, are injecting 1,500 tons of CO2 over two years. They plan to pull samples in May and June 2014 and will continue monitoring through next December, according to Juerg Matter, a researcher at Columbia University who is involved with the work. Some scientists are skeptical about whether the carbonate minerals are as leak-proof as hoped. Susan Hovorka, a geologist and carbon-sequestration expert at the University of Texas at Austin, says in certain conditions water deep below the surface could flow across the carbonate crystals and dissolve out the CO2 allowing the gas to possibly seep to the surface. Testing will be needed, she notes, to determine how well basalt will retain the carbon. The primary obstacle to carbon storage is policy rather than technical know-how, McGrail says. Without some economic incentive to sequester CO2 in this (or any) fashion, the practice is unlikely to spread. Still, if the pilot projects offer proof that the gas can be locked underground and policy makers follow with a tax on carbon, basalts could provide a viable storage option. About a quarter of India’s many coal-fired power plants sit atop a huge basaltic formation known as the Deccan Traps. If basalt can put our global warming villain back from whence it came, there’s a whole lot of CO2 ready to lock.What does the passage mainly discuss?
A．Carbon dioxide
B．Global warming
C．CO2 sequestration
D．Basaltic rock
7、What can be said about the present carbon storage schemes, according to the passage?
A．It is difficult to put them into execution because of policy.
B．They are ineffective in locking CO2 underground.
C．They need testing before implementation.
D．It is difficult to implement them without economic incentive.
8、The term “enhanced weathering” in line 4, para. 2 most probably refers to______.
A．solutions to global warming
B．improvement in weather
C．methods of carbon capture and storage
D．chemical reaction with CO2
9、All the following words in the passage refer to the same thing EXCEPT_______.
A．sequester
B．lock
C．inject
D．entomb
10、Which of the following is NOT mentioned by Pete McGrail, according to the passage?
A．Carbon storage has no problem in technology.
B．Carbonate crystals could appear in a few years to a few decades.
C．Carbon storage has much to do with policy makers.
D．It needs testing whether the carbonate crystals are leak-proof.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 DCBAD 6~10 CBCC
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