考研是指教育主管部门和招生机构为选拔研究生而组织的相关考试的总称，由国家考试主管部门和招生单位组织的初试和复试组成。考试科目有公共课和专业课，近年来考研的报名人数继续呈递增趋势。上学吧考研题库在公共课板块已经汇集了上千份试卷，同时专业课板块也在努力更新中。希望这些努力可以为正在备考的考生们助力。现在点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、Use of English参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an【1】should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually,【2】, most people make several job choices during their working lives,【3】because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve【4】position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should【5】enter into a broad flexible training program that will【6】them for a field of work rather than for a single【7】.
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans【8】benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing【9】about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss【10】.Some drift from job to job. Others【11】to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for【12】real or imagined prestige. Too many high school students-or their parents for them-choose the professional field,【13】both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal【14】. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a "white collar" job is【15】good reason for choosing it as life's work.【16】, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the【17】of young people should give serious【18】to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants【19】life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security, others are willing to take【20】for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
(1)
A.identification
B.entertainment
C.accommodation
D.occupation
2、(2)
A.however
B.therefore
C.though
D.thereby
3、(3)
A.entirely
B.mainly
C.partly
D.generally
4、(4)
A.its
B.his
C.our
D.their
5、(5)
A.since
B.therefore
C.furthermore
D.forever
6、(6)
A.make
B.fit
C.take
D.leave
7、(7)
A.job
B.way
C.means
D.company
8、(8)
A.to
B.for
C.without
D.with
9、(9)
A.little
B.few
C.much
D.a lot
10、(10)
A.chance
B.basis
C.purpose
D.opportunity
11、(11)
A.apply
B.appeal
C.stick
D.turn
12、(12)
A.our
B.its
C.your
D.their
13、(13)
A.concerning
B.following
C.considering
D.disregarding
14、(14)
A.preference
B.requirements
C.tendencies
D.ambitions
15、(15)
A.a
B.any
C.no
D.the
16、(16)
A.Therefore
B.However
C.Nevertheless
D.Moreover
17、(17)
A.majority
B.mass
C.minority
D.multitude
18、(18)
A.proposal
B.suggestion
C.consideration
D.appraisal
19、(19)
A.towards
B.against
C.out of
D.without
20、(20)
A.turns
B.parts
C.choices
D.risks
二、Reading Comprehension参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
Every living thing has an inner biological clock that controls behavior. The clock works all the time; even when there are no outside signs to mark the passing of time. The biological clock tells plants when to form. flowers and when the flowers should open. It tells insects when to leave the protective cocoon and fly away. And it tells animals when to eat, sleep and wake. It controls body temperature, the release of some hormones and even dreams. These natural daily events are circadian rhythms.
Man has known about them for thousands of years. But the first scientific observation of circadian rhythms was not made until 1729. In that year a French astronomer, Jean Jacques d’Ortous de Mairan, noted that one of his plants opened its leaves at the same time every morning, and closed them at the same time every night. The plant did this even when he kept it in a dark place all the time.
Later scientists wondered about circadian rhythms in humans. They learned that man’s biological clock actually keeps time with a day of a little less than 25 hours instead of the 24 hours on a man-made clock.
About four years ago an American doctor, Eliot Weitzman, established a laboratory to study how our biological clock works. The people in his experiments are shut off from the outside world. They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms. Dr. Weitzman hopes his research will lead to effective treatments for common sleep problems and sleep disorders caused by ageing and mental illness.
The laboratory is in the Montefiore Hospital in New York City. It has two living areas with three small rooms in each. The windows are covered, so no sunlight or moonlight comes in. There are no radios or television receivers. There is a control room between the living areas. It contains computers, one-way cameras and other electronic devices for observing the person in the living area. A doctor or medical technician is on duty in the control room 24 hours a day during an experiment. They do not work the same time each day and are not permitted to wear watches, so the person in the experiment has no idea what time it is.
In the first four years of research, Dr. Weitzman and his assistant have observed 16 men between the ages of 21 and 80. The men remained in the laboratory for as long as six months. Last month, a science reporter for “The New York Times” newspaper, Dava Sobel, became the first woman to take part in the experiment. She entered the laboratory on June 13th and stayed for 25 days. Miss Sobel wrote reports about the experiment during that time, which were published in the newspaper.
We can conclude from the first paragraph that
A.every creature has an inner biological clock.
B.the biological clock works day and night.
C.the biological clock has circadian rhythms.
D.the biological clock regulates behavior. of creatures.
2、In his observation, the French astronomer noticed that the leaves of a certain plant maintained its opening-and-closing cycles
A.even when it was put in a murky place all day.
B.even if it was placed in the moonlight.
C.even when he was observing it from a dark place.
D.even if it was kept in a dark place from time to time.
3、
The sentence “They are free to listen to and live by their circadian rhythms.” (Line 2-3, Para. 4) probably means
A.they can live by their biological clocks without referring to man-made ones.
B.they can listen to rhythms of biological clocks and live close to them.
C.they can live their lives by regulating their own circadian rhythms.
D.they are free from the annoying rhythms of everyday life.
4、
In the experiment conducted by Dr. Weitzman, the doctor on duty doesn’t work the same time each day
A.so as not to be recognized by the people.
B.so as not to indicate the time to the people when starting work.
C.so as to leave the rhythms of the people in disorder.
D.so as to observe the abnormal behavior. of the people at different times.
5、
The first woman who took part in the experiment
A.was interviewed by “The New York Times”.
B.remained in the laboratory till June 25th.
C.published some articles on the experiment.
D.found out how the biological clock works.
6、In almost all cases the soft parts of fossils are gone for ever but they were fitted around or within the hard parts. Many of them also were attached to the hard parts and usually such attachments are visible as depressed or elevated areas, ridges or grooves, smooth or rough patches on the hard parts. The muscles most important for the activities of the animal and most evident in the appearance of the living animal are those attached to the hard parts and possible to reconstruct from their attachments. Much can be learned about a vanished brain from the inside of the skull in which it was lodged.
Restoration of the external appearance of an extinct animal has little or no scientific value. It does not even help in inferring what the activities of the living animal were, how fast it could run, what its food was, or such other conclusions as are important for the history of life. However, what most people want to know about extinct animals is what they looked like when they were alive. Scientists also would like to know. Things like fossil shells present no great problem as a rule, because the hard parts are external when the animal is alive and the outer appearance is actually preserved in the fossils.
Animals in which the skeleton is internal present great problems of restoration, and honest restorers admit that they often have to use considerable guessing. The general shape and contours of the body are fixed by the skeleton and by muscles attached to the skeleton, but surface features, which may give the animal its really characteristic look, are seldom restorable with any real probability of accuracy. The present often helps to interpret the past. An extinct animal presumably looked more or less like its living relatives, if it has any. This, however, may be quite equivocal. For example, extinct members of the horse family are usually restored to look somewhat like the most familiar living horses — domestic horses and their closest wild relatives. It is, however, possible and even probable that many extinct horses were striped like zebras. If lions and tigers were extinct they would be restored to look exactly alike. No living elephants have much hair and mammoths, which are extinct elephants, would doubtless be restored as hairless if we did not happen to know that they had thick, woolly coats. We know this only because mammoths are so recently extinct that prehistoric men drew pictures of them and that the hide and hair have actually been found in a few specimens. For older extinct animals we have no such clues.
According to the passage, the soft part of fossilized animals
A.can always be accurately identified.
B.have usually left some traces.
C.can usually be reconstructed.
D.have always vanished without any trace.
7、
The muscles of a fossilized animal can sometimes be reconstructed because
A.they were preserved with the present relatives of the animal.
B.they were lodged inside the animal’s skull.
C.they were hardened parts of the animal’s body.
D.they were attached to the animal’s skeleton.
8、
A fossilized animal’s external appearance is still reconstructed to
A.satisfy popular curiosity.
B.answer scientific questions.
C.establish its activities.
D.determine its eating habits.
9、
The word “equivocal” (Line 6, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to
A.equally important.
B.definable.
C.equally doubtful.
D.deliberate.
10、
According to the third paragraph, which of the following is true?
A.A fossilized animal’s appearance is usually restored accurately.
B.It is difficult to restore some fossilized animals because they had no external parts.
C.The prehistoric elephants are hairless.
D.An extinct animal does not definitely looked like its living relatives.
11、Fate has not been kind to the western grey whale. Its numbers have dwindled to 130 or so, leaving it “critically endangered” in the eyes of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Fishing-nets, speeding ships, pollution and coastal development threaten the few that remain. Most recently, drilling for oil and gas in their main summer feeding grounds, near Sakhalin island off Russia’s Pacific coast, has brought fresh risks for the luckless creatures. Yet the rush to develop Sakhalin’s offshore fields may yet be the saviour of the species.
When drilling was first discussed in the 1990s, there were muted complaints. When a consortium called Sakhalin. Energy, led by Royal Dutch Shell, announced plans to build an oil platform. and lay pipelines in the only bay where the whales were known to congregate, these protests proliferated.
In response, the consortium established an independent panel to advise it on how best to protect the whales and promised to fund its work. It subsequently agreed to change the route of the pipeline at the panel’s suggestion, although it refused to move the platform, as other critics had demanded. It also agreed either to follow the panel’s recommendations in future or to explain publicly why it was rejecting them.
The platforms and pipelines are now complete. Sakhalin Energy exported its first cargo of liquefied natural gas last week. The project, says Shell, is an engineering triumph and a commercial success despite all the controversy.
But has it been a success for the whales? Sakhalin Energy says their number seems to be growing by 2.5% a year, although Ian Craig, the firm’s boss, admits that the cause might be greater scrutiny rather than population growth. The scientists on the panel still seem worried. They complain that the firm has not always provided the information they need to assess the threat to the whales. It also has not always followed advice, the scientists’ advice about how noisy construction might scare the animals away, for example, or the speed that boats should travel to minimize the risk of hitting the whales. The scientists warn that the loss of just a few fertile females would be enough to tip the population into irrevocable decline. Last summer, there seemed to be far fewer whales around than normal.
On the other hand, the panel knows this only because Sakhalin Energy funds lots of research on the whales. As a result, it has discovered that they have a wider range than originally thought, which might explain why so few of them showed up off Sakhalin island last year.
Therefore, it is hard to escape the conclusion that, for creatures with a lot as sorry as the western grey whale, a nearby oil project is something of a blessing.
Why are Sakhalin’s offshore oil and gas projects regarded as risks for the western grey whale?
A.Because they instantly endanger the animal’s summer habitat.
B.Because drilling for oil and gas may cause new pollution to the sea.
C.Because they need more ships which are dangers to the animal.
D.Because offshore development may result in more harm.
12、
To ease the protest against its projects, Sakhalin Energy
A.moved its platform. from the bay where the whales congregate.
B.established a panel to be in charge of its public relationship.
C.rejected its program near Sakhalin’s offshore.
D.organized some experts to study and protect the whales.
13、
Sakhalin Energy supports the panel’s work
A.unconditionally.
B.enthusiastically.
C.half heartedly.
D.earnestly.
14、
Scientists are sure that
A.the number of the whales is rising slowly by a small percentage.
B.greater scrutiny of the whale population explains the growing number.
C.the whales are in an irrevocable decline despite all their efforts.
D.the whales have other summer habitats besides Sakhalin’s offshore.
15、
An appropriate title for the passage is most likely to be
A.More Efforts Needed to Protect the Endangered Whales.
B.The Environmental Risks and Rewards of Offshore Oil.
C.The Already Endangered Whales Still in Danger.
D.More Offshore Oil Projects, More Chances for Whales.
16、“Two centuries ago, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark left St. Lois to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,” George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men and women to Mars. “They made that journey in the spirit of discovery... America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.”
Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission. First, Lewis and Clark were headed to a place amenable to life; hundreds of thousands of people were already living there. Second, Lewis and Clark were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, the Lewis and Clark venture cost next to nothing by today’s standards. In 1989 NASA estimated that a people-to-Mars program would cost $ 400 billion, which inflates to $ 600 billion today. But the fact that a destination is tantalizing does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.
Present systems for getting from Earth’s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending or other important programs or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck beholding the sky of another world.
It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration: pictures of the rings of Saturn and the outer planets, evidence of water on Mars and the moon of Jupiter, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush’s proposal, which calls for “reprogramming” some of NASA’s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science, the one aspect of space exploration that’s working really well.
Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two decades, or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and if advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, then the dreams of stepping onto the Red Planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.
The drive to explore is part of what makes us human, and exploration of the past has led to unexpected glories. Dreams must be tempered by realism, however. For the moment, going to Mars is hopelessly unrealistic.
George Bush’s comparison of Lewis and Clark’s expedition and a Mars mission is mentioned
A.to show that both are of the same and immediate value.
B.to encourage the American people to venture into space.
C.to display the same spirit of discovery in space exploration.
D.to stress that a Mars mission lacks sound and solid basis.
17、
According to the author, human travel to Mars
A.would be probably realized in the near future.
B.should not be treated as the first priority today.
C.will not bring any benefits to human community.
D.is not feasible in light of today’s technology.
18、According to the author, once on Mars, astronauts, geologists and biologists
A.could not make any remarkable discovery.
B.could only analyze the rocks there in detail.
C.could not find the mysteries of life in solar system.
D.could well understand the operation of the whole solar system.
19、
Bush’s citing of the achievements of space exploration is mentioned
A.to show unmanned science will be much affected by manned space travel.
B.to demonstrate the reprogramming of NASA’s budget into Mars effort is affordable.
C.to display accomplishments will be made by automated probes.
D.to stress space exploration is and will always be America’s first priority.
20、
It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A.Mars will not he disturbed until the technology is available.
B.technological barriers for humans to go to Mars will be insurmountable.
C.the expenditures to go to Mars will be too enormous.
D.dreams are only dreams which can never be turned into reality.
21、Part B (10 points)
[A] If such pills catch on, they could generate significant revenues for drug companies. In Pfizer's case, the goal is to transfer as many qualified patients as possible to the combo pill. Norvasc's patents expire in 2007, but Pfizer could avoid losing all its revenues from the drug at once if it were part of a superpill. Sena Lund, an analyst at Cathay Financial, sees Pfizer selling ＄4.2 billion worth of Norvasc-Lipitor by 2007. That would help take up the slack for falling sales of Lipitor, which he projects will drop to ＄5 billion in 2007, down from ＄8 billion last year.
[B] As usual, economics could tip the scales. Patients now taking both Lipitor and Norvasc "could cut their insurance co-pay in half" by switching to the combo drug, Gavris notes. That's a key advantage. Controlling hypertension, for instance, can require three or more drugs, and the fi- nancial burden on patients mounts quickly. If patients also benefit—as Pfizer and other drug companies contend—making the switch to superpills could be advantageous for everyone.
[C] Multifunction superpills aren't nearly as farfetched as they may sound. And reducing such serious risks to heart health as soaring cholesterol, diabetes, and high blood pressure potentially could save many lives and be highly lucrative for drug companies. A combo pill from Pfizer (PFE) of its hypertension drug Norvasc and cholesterol-lowering agent Lipitor "could have huge potential," says Shaojing Tong, analyst at Mehta Partners. "Offering two functions in one pill itself is a huge convenience. "
[D] Some other physicians are more skeptical. "If you want to change dosage on one of the new pill's two drugs, you're stuck," fears Dr. Irene Gavris, professor of medicine at Boston University School of Medicine. She says she would feel most comfortable trying the combination pill on patients who "have been on the drugs for a while" and are thus unlikely to need changes in dosage.
[E] Combining treatments would challenge doctors to approach heart disease differently. But better patient compliance is important enough, says Rockson, that he expects doctors to be open to trying the combined pill.
[F] Doctors also may be quick to adopt Norvasc-Lipitor, Pfizer figures, because it's made up of two well-studied drugs, which many physicians are already familiar with. But Dr. Stanley Rockson, chief of consultative cardiology at Stanford University Medical Center, says fixed-dose combination pills represent "an interesting crossroads" for physicians, who are typically trained to "approach each individual problem with care. "
[G] Pfizer argues that addressing two distinct and serious cardiovascular risk factors in one pill has advantages. People with both hypertension and high LDL cholesterol (the "bad" kind) number around 27 million in the U. S. , notes Craig Hopkinson, medical director for dual therapy at Pfizer, and only 2% of that population reaches adequate treatment goals. Taking two treatments in one will increase the number of patients who take the medications properly and "assist in getting patients to goal," he says.
(41)
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
Although Henry Ford's name is closely associated with the concept of mass production, he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today's standards. Safety measures were improved, and the workday was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or-twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. (47)The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
(48)The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in effect creating a market for the product. (49)In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits,including sobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,and dependability. (50)Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.
(46)
27、(47)
28、(48)
29、(49)
30、(50)
参考答案：
【一、Use of English】
1~5 DACDB 6~10 BACAB
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【二、Reading Comprehension】
1~5 DAABC 6~10 BDACD
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