考研是指教育主管部门和招生机构为选拔研究生而组织的相关考试的总称，由国家考试主管部门和招生单位组织的初试和复试组成。考试科目有公共课和专业课，近年来考研的报名人数继续呈递增趋势。上学吧考研题库在公共课板块已经汇集了上千份试卷，同时专业课板块也在努力更新中。希望这些努力可以为正在备考的考生们助力。现在点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、Use of English参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is【1】only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, even【2】. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to【3】the truth of this.
Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite【4】.
【5】, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior. which, once broken, makes the offender immediately the object of【6】.
It has been known as a fact that a British has a【7】for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it【8】.
Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom【9】forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and【10】to everyone.
This may be so.【11】a British cannot have much【12】in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong【13】a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate — or as inaccurate — as the weathermen in his【14】.
Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references【15】weather that the British【16】to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are【17】by comments on the weather. “Nice day, isn’t it?” “Beautiful!” may well be heard instead of “Good morning, how are you?” Although the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is【18】.pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. If he wants to start a conversation with a British but is at a loss to know【19】to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will【20】an answer from even the most reserved of the British.
(1)
A.relaxed
B.frustrated
C.amused
D.exhausted
2、(2)
A.reserved
B.urgent
C.embarrassed
D.anxious
3、(3)
A.experience
B.witness
C.watch
D.undergo
4、(4)
A.impolite
B.defensive
C.deliberate
D.offensive
5、(5)
A.Deliberately
B.Apparently
C.Frequently
D.Consequently
6、(6)
A.compassion
B.opposition
C.criticism
D.assault
7、(7)
A.emotion
B.fancy
C.likeliness
D.judgment
8、(8)
A.at length
B.to a great extent
C.from his heart
D.by all means
9、(9)
A.follows
B.obeys
C.defies
D.supports
10、(10)
A.dedication
B.suspicion
C.contemplation
D.speculation
11、(11)
A.Usually
B.Generally
C.Certainly
D.Fundamentally
12、(12)
A.faith
B.hope
C.honor
D.credit
13、(13)
A.since
B.once
C.when
D.while
14、(14)
A.propositions
B.predictions
C.proposal
D.prophecy
15、(15)
A.about
B.on
C.in
D.to
16、(16)
A.take
B.forecast
C.make
D.predict
17、(17)
A.started
B.replaced
C.conducted
D.proposed
18、(18)
A.reasonable
B.useful
C.worthwhile
D.meaningful
19、(19)
A.where
B.how
C.what
D.which
20、(20)
A.stimulate
B.constitute
C.furnish
D.provoke
二、Reading Comprehension参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Part A
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. (40 points)
While it's easy to get swept up in the commercialism at major sports events, one shouldn't ignore the transformative capacity of sport to produce social change. Historically, the potential for sports lies not with the values they promote, since they are invariably unjust and uneven. Instead, the possibilities that exist within sports are those that bridge divides between societies with radically different views of the world.
The concept of an "Olympic Truce" is noteworthy in terms of recognising the role of international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in influencing and brokering international relations. An Olympic Truce was launched on January 24, 1994 for the period of the Lillehammer Winter Games in an attempt to resolve the conflict in Yugoslavia. This Olympic Truce involved representatives from the World Health Organisation (WHO), UNICEF, the Red Cross, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Norwegian Government. These groups evacuated coaches, athletes, and members of the national Olympic committee from Sarajevo so that they could compete in the Games.
Many African runners have provided an exhilarating spectacle for global audiences. Maria Mutola, the Mozambican former Olympic and five-time world indoor 800m champion and world record holder, routinely sends track winnings back to her country. Chamanchulo, the suburb of Maputo in which Mutola grew up, is ravaged by HIV, passed on in childbirth or breast milk to 40 percent of the children. In 2003 when Mutola became the first athlete to collect ＄1million for outright victory on the Golden League Athletic Grand Prix Circuit, part of the cash went to the foundation she endowed to help provide scholarships, clothing, education, and coaching for young athletes. Farms and small businesses have often been sustained by her winnings on the circuit, which have purchased tractors, fertilizer, and equipment to drill small wells.
Catherine Astrid Salome Freeman became the first Aboriginal to represent Australia at the Olympics, at Barcelona in 1992 and became its first world champion and first Olympic champion. In doing so she became a symbol for reconciliation between a black and white Australia. Her grandmother, Alice Sibley, was one of the members of the so-called "stolen generation. " She was taken from her parents at the age of eight by a reviled 1950s Australian government policy that removed Aboriginal children removed from their parents and resettled them with white families. Her Olympic success has perhaps helped to change the face of prejudice, almost a taboo subject in a modern Australia. She herself had become perhaps one of Australia's greatest sporting icons but also a symbol of the struggle that aboriginal Australians had to endure in order to win social, civil, and political rights.
From the first paragraph, we know that the passage is going to center on the role of sports to______.
A.spread values
B.cause social changes
C.create different views
D.promote commercialism
2、
The example of Yugoslavia is quoted in paragraph 2 to show that sports can______.
A.provide aids
B.assist NGO development
C.support peace building
D.promote internationalism
3、
The example of Maria Mutola is used to prove that______.
A.people from underdeveloped regions can also win championships with due help
B.many people like her can provide hope for other people
C.success will bring with it financial benefits
D.victory will come one after another once it gets started
4、
The word "reconciliation" most probably means______.
A.the reestablishing of cordial relations
B.the process of separating
C.the regaining of a social statue
D.the formation of certain social values
5、
It can be inferred from the passage that in 1950s,______.
A.children from aboriginal families can not go to the same school with other children
B.aboriginal children have to leave their own families when they reach a certain age
C.aboriginal children can not visit white families
D.all the aboriginal people have no rights at all
6、Self-esteem is the collection of beliefs or feelings we have about ourselves, our "self-perceptions. " How we define ourselves influences our motivations, attitudes, and behaviors and affects our emotional adjustment.
Patterns of self-esteem start very early in life. For example, a toddler who reaches a milestone experiences a sense of accomplishment that bolsters self-esteem. Learning to roll over after dozens of unsuccessful attempts teaches a baby a "can-do" attitude.
The concept of success following persistence starts early. As kids try, fail, try again, fail again, and then finally succeed, they develop ideas about their own capabilities. At the same time, they're creating a self-concept based on interactions with other people. This is why parental involvement is important to helping kids form. accurate, healthy self-perceptions.
Self-esteem fluctuates as kids grow. It's frequently changed and fine-tuned, because it is affected by a child's experiences and new perceptions. So it helps to be aware of the signs of both healthy and unhealthy self-esteem. Kids with low self-esteem may not want to try new things, and may frequently speak negatively about themselves. They tend to be overly critical of and easily disappointed in themselves. Kids with low self-esteem see temporary setbacks as permanent, intolerable conditions, and a sense of pessimism predominates. Kids with healthy self-esteem tend to enjoy interacting with others. They're comfortable in social settings and enjoy group activities as well as independent pursuits. When challenges arise, they can work toward finding solutions and voice discontent without belittling themselves or others.
How can a parent help to foster healthy self-esteem in a child? Kids who don't feel safe or are abused at home will suffer immensely from low self-esteem. A child who is exposed to parents who fight and argue repeatedly may become depressed and withdrawn. Also watch for signs of abuse by others, problems in school, trouble with peers, and other factors that may affect kids' self-esteem. Deal with these issues sensitively but swiftly. And always remember to respect your kids.
If you suspect your child has low self-esteem, consider doing something about it. Family and child counselors can work to uncover underlying issues that prevent a child from feeling good about him or herself. Therapy can help kids learn to view themselves and the world positively. When kids see themselves in a more realistic light, they can accept who they truly are. With a little help, every child can develop healthy self-esteem for a happier, more fulfilling life.
The first paragraph intends to tell the readers______.
A.what self esteem is
B.some examples of self esteem
C.patterns of self-esteem start very early in life
D.how important self-esteem is for children
7、
The word "toddler" (Line 1, Para. 2) most probably means______.
A.very young child
B.teenager
C.adult
D.boy
8、
Which one of the following belongs to the characteristics of kids with low self-esteem?
A.They always want to try new things.
B.They frequently talk about themselves.
C.They are overly criticized for their mistakes.
D.They are easily disappointed in themselves.
9、
The suggestion provided in paragraph 5 is______.
A.identify and redirect your child's inaccurate beliefs
B.create a safe, nurturing home environment
C.be spontaneous and affectionate
D.help kids become involved in constructive experiences
10、
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A.Signals for low self-esteem.
B.Accept your children as who they are.
C.Finding professional help.
D.Function of family and child counselors.
11、The Newhouse shelter in Kansas City has helped thousands of abused women and their children over the past 37 years. But last month, the women were forced to move out and the staff started looking for new jobs. The reason was simple. While the need was there, the money was not. Dwindling charitable contributions tied to a broad U.S. economic slowdown mean fewer resources and hard choices for charities across the country.
"People are holding tight to their money," said Newhouse President Leslie Caplan, who estimated charitable contributions were down ＄200,000 this year compared to last year. That, combined with cuts in government grants, has severely squeezed the center's ＄1.3 million budget.
As Americans struggling with rising unemployment and home foreclosures turn to charities for help, charities themselves are running into financial difficulties as donations dwindle. They are being forced to increase their outreach, hold more fund-raising events and seek out new donors to make ends meet. "The people who used to give us small amounts, $10 or $15, that is going away. The people who have a lot of money still are able to give, but they are more selective in their giving," McIntyre said. "It's getting bad out there. "
Philanthropic Giving Index, which measures prospects for charitable donations, has dropped to 83 on a scale of 100 from 88 in December 2007, its lowest point since 2003. Rev. Cecil Williams noticed that donations to Glide Memorial United Methodist Church in San Francisco began falling off earlier this year, forcing him to cut meals, child care, and health care to the poor by up to 15 percent. Meanwhile, the lines for help grow longer.
Melissa Perez of La Habra, California, hosted a Brazilian student last year under the auspices of the Center for Cultural Interchange, a Chicago-based nonprofit that arranges for families to house and feed foreign students. "Everything's hard. We're very much pinched," said Perez, who cannot afford to do it again this year because her family's manufacturing business is in trouble. Such experiences mean the Center for Cultural Interchange has not been able to find enough volunteers.
"Business is not as good and they feel the pressure and that leads to a decline in giving," said Bridges board member Inayat Malik. "How much people give depends on' how secure they feel," Berman said. "I think we'll see an impact on personal giving this fall and winter, which is when most charitable organizations depend on generosity. "
The Newhouse shelter in Kansas City has helped thousands of abused women and their children over the past 37 years. But last month, the women were forced to move out and the staff started looking for new jobs. The reason was simple. While the need was there, the money was not. Dwindling charitable contributions tied to a broad U.S. economic slowdown mean fewer resources and hard choices for charities across the country.
"People are holding tight to their money," said Newhouse President Leslie Caplan, who estimated charitable contributions were down ＄200,000 this year compared to last year. That, combined with cuts in government grants, has severely squeezed the center's ＄1.3 million budget.
As Americans struggling with rising unemployment and home foreclosures turn to charities for help, charities themselves are running into financial difficulties as donations dwindle. They are being forced to increase their outreach, hold more fund-raising events and seek out new donors to make ends meet. "The people who used to give us small amounts, $10 or $15, that is going away. The people who have a lot of money still are able to give, but they are more selective in their giving," McIntyre said. "It's getting bad out there. "
Philanthropic Giving Index, which measures prospects for charitable donations, has dropped to 83 on a scale of 100 from 88 in Dece
A.the problem of unemployment worsened in U. S.
B.U. S. charities are affected by weak economy
C.gender discrimination is still a big issue in U. S. job market
D.the future for U.S. economy is grey
12、
What does the expression "People are holding tight to their money" ( Line 1, Paragraph 2) mean?
A.People are saving more money to donate.
B.People become stingy even with more money earned.
C.People are donating less due to their tight financial situations.
D.People are now more concerned about how their donations are spent.
13、
The word "dwindle" most probably means______.
A.to decline
B.to increase
C.to stop
D.to remain
14、
From the passage, Rev. Cecil Williams has to reduce the following EXCEPT______.
A.food
B.living expenses
C.child care
D.health care
15、
Paragraph 5 is concerned about the lack of______.
A.donations
B.volunteers
C.cultural interchange
D.nonprofit organization
16、The earliest evidence of standardized testing based on merit comes from China during the Han dynasty. The concept of a state ruled by men of ability and virtue was an outgrowth of Confucian philosophy. Standardized testing has not traditionally been a part of European pedagogy. Based on the skeptical and open-ended tradition of debate inherited from Ancient Greece, Western academia favored the essay. The use of standardized testing in the United States is a 20th century phenomenon with its origins in World War I.
One of the main advantages of standardized testing is that the results can be empirically documented ; therefore the test scores can be shown to have a relative degree of validity and reliability, as well as results which are generalizable and replicable. This is often contrasted with grades on a school transcript, which are assigned by individual teachers. Another advantage is aggregation. A well designed standardized test provides an assessment of an individual's mastery of a domain of knowledge or skill which at some level of aggregation will provide useful information.
Though many educators recognize that standardized tests have a place in tools used to assess student achievement, critics feel that overuse and misuse of these tests is having serious negative consequences on teaching and learning. The temptation is to use the tests to define curriculum and focus instruction. What is not tested is not taught, and how the subject is tested becomes a model for how to teach the subject. Moreover, standardized test scores are problematic tools for school accountability because the examinee scores are influenced by three things: what kids learn in school, what kids learn outside of school, and innate intelligence. Critics believe this is not possible. While it is possible to use a standardized test and not let its limits control curriculum and instruction, this can result in a school putting itself at risk for producing lower test scores, with negative political consequences.
Some critics say that some children do not do well on standardized tests, despite mastery of the material, due to testing anxiety or lack of time management or test-taking skills. This reflects the fact that tests cannot directly measure student knowledge, only the ability of students to apply knowledge in a stressful situation.
Some parents are willing to pay thousands of dollars to prepare their children for tests, a financial barrier that may give children of more wealthy parents an advantage compared to less affluent families. However this criticism would probably apply even more to testing alternatives such as portfolios or essays. Many studies also show that test coaching has little effect on scores on well-buih tests. The ability of wealthy families to pay for higher-quality education is not specifically related to standardized testing.
Which one of the regions does NOT have a long history of standardized testing?
A.China.
B.Europe.
C.United States.
D.Africa.
17、
The standardized testing is advantageous mainly because it is______.
A.effective and dependable
B.flexible and general
C.repetitive and responsive
D.skeptical and open-ended
18、
Which one of the following is a statement about the disadvantages of standardized testing?
A.It will not improve the innate intelligence of the students.
B.What is not tested is neglected by our education.
C.It will cause negative political consequences for all schools.
D.Testing can not control curriculum and instruction.
19、
Which one of the following factors influencing test scores is NOT criticized by some critics?
A.A good job in mastering what is tested.
B.The feeling of anxiety during tests.
C.Failure to have a good time arrangement.
D.Skills to get a high score in tests.
20、
What is the main idea of paragraph 5 ?
A.We should have more testing alternatives other than standardized ones.
B.The effectiveness of test coaching varies from student to student.
C.The wealthy families have the right for better education.
D.The growing influence of test preparation is also a concern for some.
21、Part B (10 points)
Animation is a kind of motion pictures created by recording a series of still images-of drawings, objects, or people in various positions of incremental movement-that when played back no longer appear individually as static images but combine to produce the illusion of unbroken motion. The term animation applies to creations on film, video, or computers, and even to motion toys, which usually consist of a series of drawings or photographs on paper that are viewed with a mechanical device or by flipping through a hand-held sequence of images.
(41)Techniques
There are many ways to create animation, depending on whether the materials used are flat (such as drawings, paintings, or cut-out pieces of paper)or dimensional(such as clay, puppets, household objects, or even people).
(42)Production Process
After choosing an idea for a film, an animator must think about a concept in terms of individual actions.
(43)History
Animation has been a part of cinema history from the time the first motion pictures were made in the late 1800s.
(44)Walt Disney
The company's founder, Walt Disney, was born in Chicago, Illinois, but grew up in Kansas City, Missouri, where he met animator Ub 1werks and composer Carl Stalling, who were to be important to his future success.
(45)Japanese Animation
Japanese animation, known as anime, blossomed after World War II(1939-1945)and today is immensely popular both within Japan and worldwide.
Current Trends
Two trends in the animation industry are likely to have a profound influence on its future：a significant increase in production and exhibition opportunities, and the growing importance of new technologies.
[A] Some early live-action films, known as trick films, used the animation technique of stop action, in which the camera is stopped and an object is removed or added to a shot before filming is resumed.
[B] Disney(with his then-partner Iwerks)created a character that was to become the most famous animated figure in history：Mickey Mouse.
[C] Aside from television, perhaps the largest influence on the style. of recent animation worldwide has come from computer technologies. Experiments with electronic animation began in the 1930s, but it was not until the late 1970s that computer animation became viable beyond scientific and government applications, particularly for use by the entertainment industry.
[D] In each case, an animator must keep in mind the basic principle of frames per second(the number of images needed to produce one second of film). Because sound film runs at twentyfour frames per second, a film animator must make twenty-four images for each second of animation that he or she wishes to create.
[E] The most important historical figure in Japanese animation, Osamu Tezuka, created the first animated television series in Japan, " Tetsuwan Atom " (Astro Boy).
[F] For instance, if an animator decides on an action that will take 3 seconds of animation to complete, the animator will have to create images to fill 72 frames of film(3 seconds of movement multiplied by a running speed of 24 frames per second).
(41)
22、(42)
23、(43)
24、(44)
25、(45)
26、Part C
Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
Science and politics are inextricably linked. At a scientific conference on climate change held this week in Copenhagen, four environmental experts announced that sea levels appear to be rising almost twice as rapidly as had been forecast by the United Nations just two years ago. (46)The warning is aimed at politicians who will meet in the same city in December to discuss the same subject and, perhaps, to thrash out an international agreement to counter it.
The reason for the rapid change in the predicted rise in sea levels is a rapid increase in the information available. (47)In 2007, when the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change convened by the UN made its prediction that sea levels would rise by between 18cm and 59cm by 2100, a lack of knowledge about how the polar ice caps were behaving was behind much of the uncertainty. Since then they have been closely monitored, and the results are disturbing. Both the Greenland and the Antarctic caps have been melting at an accelerating rate. Indeed, scientists now reckon that sea levels will rise by between 50cm and 100cm by 2100, unless action is taken to curb climate change.
(48)Konrad Steffen, a professor of the University of Colorado, told the conference that this sheet is melting not only because it is warmer but also because water seeping through its crevices is breaking it up, whose effect had been neglected in the earlier report. The impact of the melting ice has been measured by John Church of the Centre for Australian Weather and Climate Research. He told the conference that satellite and ground-based systems showed that sea levels have been rising more rapidly since 1993. He is concerned that more climate change could cause a further acceleration in this rate.
Stefan of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research told the conference that, "based on past experience, I expect that sea-level rise will accelerate as the planet gets hotter. " (49) He was supported in this view by the fourth expert, Eric Rignot of the University of California, who called for the world's leaders to slash the emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.
Advance negotiations on the UN Climate Change Conference are due to begin in Bonn in just over a fortnight's time. The scientists hope that their startling warnings will change the outcome of that pre-meeting meeting. (50)With much still to argue over, they hope that a clear scientific lead will both help to narrow the room for disagreement and galvanize the desire to get a treaty agreed.
(46)
27、(47)
28、(48)
29、(49)
30、(50)
参考答案：
【一、Use of English】
1~5 ACBDB 6~10 CBAAD
11~20点击安装“考研真题库APP”查看答案
【二、Reading Comprehension】
1~5 BCBAB 6~10 AADBC
11~30点击安装“考研真题库APP”查看答案
如果这样刷题不过瘾，请立即安装APP刷题，历年真题、高质量模拟题应有尽有。
上学吧找答案
上学吧题库APP
