自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Passage 1
Children display an amazing ability to become fluent speakers of any language consistently spoken around them. Every normal child who is not brought up in virtual isolation from language use soon comes to speak one or more languages natively. The child's acquisition of his or her native language is not dependent on any special tutoring. Parents may spend many hours "reinforcing every recognizable bit of their child's verbal activity with smile or some other reward. But there is no particular reason to believe that such activity affects the child's ultimate success in becoming a native speaker of his parents' language. Children can pick up a language by playing with other children who happen to speak it just as well as they can through the concentrated efforts of doting parents. All they seem to need is sufficient exposure to the language in question. This capacity for acquiring language is remarkable for number of reasons. It is remarkable firstly because of its uniformity throughout the human race. There simply are no cases of normal children who, when they are given the chances, fail to acquire native language. By way of comparison, it is not at all unusual for a child to fail to master arithmetic, reading, swimming, or gymnast a considerable amount of instruction. Language acquisition, in other words, is "inherently, It is also species specific Every normal person learns a human language but no other animals, not even the most intelligent apes, has been shown to be capable of making the slightest progress in this direction, although some animals can learn to solve problems, use tools, and so on. Language acquisition thus appears to be kind from acquisition of the other skills mentioned The progress is further remarkable for its comparative speed and perfection. When we actually attempt to take a language apart to see how it works, we find it is extraordinarily complex and it involves highly abstract organizational principles. Yet, within the first few years of his life, every child has succeeded in mastering at least one such system. Furthermore, the linguistic system that the child masters is identical to the one employed by the people around him or her. If a child is regularly exposed to two languages, he will very probably learn both. Moreover, they will succeed in keeping the two linguistic systems separate, which is a considerable achievement.
What is most important in native language acquisition?
A.Tutoring.
B.Reinforcement.
C.Exposure.
D.Concentration.
2、Which of the following is easier to learn for normal children?
A.Native language.
B.Arithmetic
C.Swimming
D.Gymnastics
3、When the author says that language is "inherently human", he means that
A.human beings learn language faster than animals
B.all human beings share the same linguistic system
C.all human beings are capable of language acquisition
D.the principles of different languages are the same
4、Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A.Apes have no intelligence whatsoever.
B.Apes can make slow progress in language learning.
C.Language learning is beyond even the most intelligent ape.
D.Some species of apes have their own specific language.
5、Since language is complex, it is remarkable that children
A.compare their native language to other languages
B.learn their native language so quickly and so well
C.master one such system
D.learn the language for practical purposes
6、Passage 2 When you're negotiating with someone, listen for the messages that he or she might be sending to you. For example, the word "difficult" does not mean the same as impossible. Imagine you're staying in a hotel, and you want to change your room. The manager's answer of, "That would be very difficult, sir", does not mean that he is saying "no". It just means that he wants to know what you are prepared to offer him in return for the change of room. If you are buying a new car, and want to pay less than the price being asked, then the salesman's comment, "I'm sorry, but we never negotiate on the price", means that they do negotiate on other things, like the delivery time, or the "extra" that might be available as part of the purchase. In the same car showroom, if the salesman says, "Sorry, I can't negotiate prices", then should be to ask who can. The message the salesman is sending suggests that his boss is the one you need to be talking to. In all of these situations, the message is never communicated in clear terms. In any negotiation, the two "players" wish to get as much out of it as they can, of course. In the three examples above, the salesmen and the hotel manager are hoping that you will accept their price or conditions-but their "messages" make it clear that there may be room for movement and compromise. In a successful negotiation, the two sides move towards each other and reach agreement on conditions that satisfy both sides.
The hotel manager's answer" That would be very difficult, sir" implies( )
A.you can change the room if you find some excuse
B.someone else has paid more for the room under discussion
C.the room is available if an extra sum of money is offered
D.someone else has booked the room in return for more money
7、When the salesmen tell you that they never negotiate on the price, you can( )
A.negotiate the price with the manager
B.demand to see the one who can
C.find out other possibilities in the purchase
D.accept the price without any further negotiation
8、This passage is intended for( )
A.managers
B.customers
C.salesmen
D.scholars
9、The passage tells us how to( )
A.send messages in negotiation
B.become a successful salesman
C.profit from business transactions
D.receive messages in a negotiation
10、It can be safely concluded from the passage that( )
A.at least two players should be in the room for communication
B.a lot can be inferred from what is actually stated in a negotiation
C.you should never communicate your ideas in clear terms
D.you should play the roles of a salesman and manager in a negotiation
11、Passage 3 In recent years, Israeli consumers have grown more demanding as they've become wealthier and more worldly wise. Foreign travel is a national passion: this summer alone, one in 10 citizens will go abroad. Exposed to higher standards of service elsewhere, Israelis are returning home expecting the same. American firms have also begun arriving in large numbers. Chains such as KFC, McDonald's and Pizza Hut are setting a new standard of customer service, using strict employee g and constant monitoring to ensure the friendliness of frontline staff. Even the American habit of telling departing customers to "Have a nice day" has caught on all over Israel. "Nobody wakes up in the morning and says, 'Let's be nicer, '"says Itsik Cohen, director of a consulting firm.“Nothing happens without competition.” Privatization, or the threat of it, is motivation as well. Monopolies(垄断者) that until recently have been free to take their customers for granted now fear what Michael Perry, a marketing professor calls the revengeful(报复的) consumer. When the government opened up competition with Bezaq, the phone company, its international branch lost 40% of its market share, even while offering competitive rates. Says Perry, "People wanted revenge for all the years of bad service. "The electric company, whose monopoly may be short-lived, has suddenly stopped requiring users to wait half a day for a repairman. Now, appointments are scheduled to the half-hour. The graceless E1A1 Airlines which is already at auction(拍卖), has returned its employees to emphasize service and is boasting about the results in an ad campaign with the slogan, "You can feel the change in the air. "For the first time, praise outnumbers complaints on customer survey sheets.
It may be inferred from the passage that( )
A.customer service in Israel is now improving
B.wealthy Israeli customers are hard to please
C.the tourist industry has brought chain stores to Israel
D.Israeli customers prefer foreign products to domestic ones
12、In the author's view, higher service standards are impossible in Israel( )
A.if customer complaints go unnoticed by the management
B.unless foreign companies are introduced in greater numbers
C.if there's no competition among companies
D.without strict routine training of employees
13、If someone in Israel today needs a repairman in case of a power failure,( )
A.they can have it fixed in no time
B.it's no longer necessary to make an appointment
C.the appointment takes only half a day to make
D.they only have to wait half an hour at most
14、The example of E1 Al Airlines shows that( )
A.revengeful customers are threat to the monopoly of enterprises
B.an ad campaign is a way out for enterprises in financial difficulty
C.a good slogan has great potential for improving service
D.staff retraining is essential for better service
15、Why did Bezaq's international branch lose 40% of its market share?
A.Because the rates it offered were not competitive enough.
B.Because customers were dissatisfied with its past service.
C.Because the service offered by its competitors was far better.
D.Because it no longer received any support from the government.
16、Passage 4 If you are looking for an explanation of why we don't get tough with criminals, you need only look at the numbers. Each year almost a third of the households in America are victims of violence or theft. This amounts to more than 41 million crimes, many more than we are able to punish. There are also too many criminals. We don't have room for any more! The painful fact is that the more crime there is, the less we are able to punish it. We think that punishment prevents crime, but it just might be the other way around. When there is so much crime it is simply impossible to deal with it or punish it. This is the situation we find ourselves in today: the gradual increase in the criminal population has made it more difficult to get into prison. Some of the most exclusive prisons now require about five serious crimes before a criminal is accepted. These features show that it makes little sense to blame the police or judges for being soft on criminals. There is not much else they can do. The police can't find most criminals and those they do find are difficult and costly to convict. Those convicted can't all be sent to prison. The public demands that we do everything we can against crime. The practical reality is that there is very little the police, courts or prisons can do about the crime problem. We could, of course, get tough with the people we already have in prison and keep them locked up for longer periods of time. Yet when measured against the lower crime rates this would probably produce, longer prison sentences are not worth the cost to states and local governments. Besides, those states that have tried to gain voters' approval for building new prisons often discover that the public is unwilling to pay for prison constructions And if it were willing to pay, long prison sentences may not be effective in reducing crime. More time spent in prison is also more expensive The best estimates are that it costs an average of $13,000 to keep a person in prison for one year. If we had a place to keep the 124,000 released prisoners, it would have cost us $1. 6 billion to prevent 15,000 crimes. This works out to more than $100,000 per crime prevented. But there is more. With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost more than $6 billion to build the necessary cells. The first-year operating cost would be $150,000 per crime prevented, worth it if the victim were you or me, but much too expensive to be feasible as a national policy. Faced with the reality of the numbers, I will not be so foolish as to suggest a solution to the crime problem. My contribution to the public debate begins and ends with this simple observation: getting tough with criminals is not the answer.
By saying "it just might be the other way around"(ParA. 2), the writer means( )
A.severe punishment lowers crime rates
B.soft measures lead to the rise of crime rates
C.easy policies are more effective than strict ones
D.the increase in crime makes punishment difficult
17、It is wrong to blame the police or judges for not being hard on criminals partly because( )
A.trials are expensive
B.criminals are very dangerous
C.the police force is weak
D.the public fail to support the court
18、The cost for constructing prisons is( )
A.$13,000 per bed
B.$50,000 per bed
C.$100,000 per bed
D.$150,000 per bed
19、The writer of the passage bases his argument mainly upon( )
A.statistical evidence
B.public opinions
C.criminal psychology
D.personal experience
20、The tone of the passage is( )
A.playful
B.serious
C.satirical
D.angry
二、SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points, 1 point each)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、Passage 5 Whenever I see anyone buying a National Lottery ticket I want to stop them and ask if they know just where their money is going. The lottery money is supposed to go to charity-but it makes me angry to see some of the so-called "good causes" it's being used to support. Also, Camelot, the organizer, has made a profit of10. 8 million in five months. We hear now that a lot of that money is boosting the pay packets of the company's bosses. For the past 10 years I've been helping to raise funds for a cancer research charity called Tenovus. My husband, Sandy, died from cancer 11 years ago-he was only 51. There's been a long line of deaths in our family through cancer and it's been devastating. I've also lost two sisters-in-law, my brother, Michael, my father-in-law and my father That's apart from several close friends. The charity is 50 years old now and raises money mainly for breast cancer research. It also runs a support line for the families of cancer sufferers. Our local group raises money through dances, sales and coffee mornings, and all the funds go directly to cancer research. In 1993 Tenovus raised million-and half that money came from sales of our own lottery tickets at supermarkets. But our income has dropped by half since the National Lottery was introduced. I'm not against people playing the National Lottery, but they should think about what they're doing. The chances of winning the jackpot are so small; they might as well throw their money away. he Government tells us that the proceeds are going to things like the arts and sports, but what about the National Health Service? They should give some cash to that, too. How can they just ridiculous amounts of cash on so-called works of art-like displays of photos-or buying up Winston Churchill's papers at a cost of 12 million? So who really are the winners in the National Lottery? When I think of all that money people could be donating to cancer research, I could weep. It's time people realized how charities across the country are suffering because of the National Lottery. It's disheartening and so infuriating.
The writer seems to hope that( )
A.people will spend more money on the National Lottery
B.people will give more money to charity
C.most of the lottery money will go to charity
D.most of the lottery money will be used for cancer research
2、The reason why the writer raises funds for cancer research is that( )
A.she herself is suffering from cancer
B.the cancer is the most frightening disease
C.a number of her relatives died of cancer
D.some cancer research needs more money than other research
3、In this text the writer is expressing( )
A.her personal opinions
B.the opinions of the general public
C.her feelings about cancer sufferers
D.some ideas of fund-raising
4、The organization "Tenovus" is( )
A.run by a group of people in the writer's town
B.a charity organization which has some local groups
C.set up to collect money for people who lose their relatives
D.set up to assist the National Lottery
5、From the text we can conclude that( )
A.the writer is enthusiastically supporting the National Lottery
B.the writer has objections to the National Lottery
C.the writer believes that the lottery money should be used for cancer research
D.the writer is just expressing her feelings about collecting money for charity
6、Passage 6 "Burn rate" is the speed at which a start-up business consumes money. My rate would be 50,000 a month when my new media company started. So, I began looking around for individuals who would be my first investors. "Angel money" it was called. But when I reviewed my list of acquaintances to find those who might be able to help, I found the number got small. With no other choices, I began meeting with the venture-capital companies. But was warned they took a huge share of your company for the money they put in. And if you struggled, they could drop you cold. As I was searching for" Angel money", I started to build a team who trusted me even though I didn't have money for paychecks yet. Bill Becker was an expert in computer programming and image processing at a very famous Media Lab at M. I. T. With his arrival, my company suddenly had major technology "guy" in- house.Katherine Henderson, a film-maker and a former real-estate dealer, joined us as our director of market research. Steve White came on as operating officer. He had worked for the developer of a home-finance software, Quicken. We grabbed him. We had some really good people, but we still didn't have enough money. One night, my neighbor, Louise Johnson, came for a visit. She and I were only nodding acquaintances, but her boys and ours were constant companions She ran a very good business at the time. Louise was brilliant and missed nothing. She had been watching my progress closely. She knew I was dying for money and I had prospects but could offer no guarantees of success. She told me that her attorney had talked to mine and the terms had been agreed upon. She handed me an envelope. Inside was a check for 500,? 000. I almost fell down. I heard her voice as if from heaven. "I have confidence in your plan, "she said. "You'll do well. You' re going to work hard for it, but it's satisfying when you build your own company. Who would have thought I'd find an angel so close to home? There were no words sufficient for the moment. We just said good night. She left and I just stood there, completely humbled and completely committed.
For a newly-established business, "burn rate" refers to( )
A.the salary it pays to its staff
B.the interest it pays to the bank
C.the way in which it raises capital
D.the speed at which it spends money
7、By "Angel money", the author refers to( )
A.the money borrowed from banks
B.the money spent to promote sales
C.the money raised from close friends
D.the money needed to start a business
8、To get help from a venture-capital company, you may have to( )
A.put up with unfair terms
B.change your business line
C.enlarge your business scope
D.let them operate your business
9、The author easily built a team for his company because( )
A.they were underpaid at their previous jobs
B.they were turned down by other companies
C.they were confident of the author and his business
D.they were satisfied with the salaries in his company
10、Louise decided to lend money to the author because( )
A.she wanted to join his company
B.she knew he would build a team
C.she knew his plan would succeed
D.she wanted to help promote his sales
参考答案：
【一、CAREFUL READING】
1~5 CACCB 6~10 CCBDB
11~20点击安装“英语专业自考APP”查看答案
【二、SPEED READING】
1~5 CCABB 6~10 DDAC
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