自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) When Steve Cole was a postdoc, he had an unusual hobby: matching art buyers with artists that they might like. The task made looking at art, something he had always loved, even more enjoyable. “There was an extra layer of purpose. I loved the ability to help artists I thought were great to find an appreciative audience,” he says. At the time, it was nothing more than a quirky sideline. But his latest findings have caused Cole — now a professor at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at the University of California, Los Angeles — to wonder whether the exhilaration and sense of purpose that he felt during that period might have done more than help him to find homes for unloved pieces of art. It might have benefited his immune system too. At one time, most self-respecting molecular biologists would have scoffed at the idea. Today, evidence from many studies suggests that mental stales such as stress can influence health. Still, it has proved difficult to explain how this happens at the molecular level — how subjective moods connect with the vastly complex physiology of the nervous and immune systems. The field that searches for these explanations, known as psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), is often criticized as lacking rigour. Cole’s stated aim is to fix that, and his tool of choice is genome-wide transcriptional analysis: looking at broad patterns of gene expression in cells. “My job is to be a hard-core tracker,” he says. “How do these mental states get out into the rest of the body?” With his colleagues, Cole has published a string of studies suggesting that negative mental states such as stress and loneliness guide immune responses by driving broad programs of gene expression, shaping our ability to fight disease. If he is right, the way people see the world could affect everything from their risk of chronic illnesses such as diabetes and heart disease to the progression of conditions such as HIV and cancer. Now Cole has switched tack, moving from negative moods into the even more murky territory of happiness. It is a risky strategy; his work has already been criticized as wishful thinking and moralizing. But the pay-off is nothing less than finding a healthier way to live. “If you talk to any high-quality neurobiologist or immunologist about PNI, it will invariably generate a little snicker,” says Stephen Smale, an immunologist at the University of California, Los Angeles, who is not affiliated with the Cousins Center. “But this doesn’t mean the topic should be ignored forever. Someday we need to confront it and try to understand how the immune system and nervous system interact.”With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned?
A．Defining PNI
B．Cole’s studies in PNI
C．Cole’s unusual hobby
D．How to find a healthier way to live
2、Why did Cole have an unusual hobby when he was on a post doctoral program?
A．To match art buyer with their favorite artists
B．To make looking at art even more rewarding
C．To benefit his immune system
D．To find homes for unloved pieces of art
3、According to the passage, which of the following statements about PNI is NOT true?
A．It is interdisciplinary.
B．It aims at genome-wide transcription.
C．It may be lacking in care and exactness.
D．It deals with how subjective moods connect with the physiology of the nervousand immune systems.
4、What can be inferred from the passage about Dole’s studies?
A．They are focused on negative mental states.
B．They are focused on positive menial states.
C．They are acknowledged as interdisciplinary.
D．They are meant to find a healthier way to live.
5、According to the passage, what is the attitude of Stephen Smale toward PNI?
A．Emotional
B．Objective
C．Indifferent
D．Supportive
6、(B) “The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,”said Franklin D. Roosevelt. He might have been onto something: research suggests that people are happy to endure a bit more pain, if it means they spend less time waiting for it. Classical thanes of decision-making suppose that people bring rewards forward and postpone punishments, because we give far-off events less weight. This is called “temporal discounting”. But this theory seems to go out the window when it comes to pain. One explanation for this is that the anticipation of pain is itself unpleasant, a phenomenon that researchers have appropriately termed “dread”. To investigate how dread varies with time, Giles Story at University College London, and his colleagues, hooked up 33 volunteers to a device that gave them mild electric shocks. The researchers also presented people with a series of choices between more or less mildly painful shocks, sooner or later. During every “episode” there was a minimum of two shocks, which could rise to a maximum of 14, but before they were given them, people had to make a choice such as nine extra shocks now or six extra shocks five episodes from now. The number of shocks they received each time was determined by these past choices. No pain, no gain. Although a few people always chose to experience the minimum pain, 70 per cent of the time, on average, participants chose to receive the extra shocks sooner rather than a smaller number later. By varying the number of shocks and when they occurred, the team was able to figure out that the dread of pain increased exponentially as pain approached in time. Similar results occurred in a test using hypothetical dental appointments. “This study demonstrates that the fear of anticipation is so strong it can reverse the usual pattern of time discounting,” says George Loewenstein, a professor of economics and psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, “It’s probably not an exaggeration to say that as much, or more, of the pains of life come from anticipation and memory than from actual experience.” The study could well have implications for medicine and health policy, because an understanding of how people judge pain is important for presenting them with options about potentially painful treatments. “You should avoid emphasizing waiting times,”says Story. “And if you can make something seem unavoidable, people may be more likely to confront it to minimise dread.” Story hopes that this kind of psychological study will aid the development of diagnostic tools. “Looking at these kinds of preferences might help predict whether people will make healthy or unhealthy choices,” he says.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
A．No pain, no gain
B．The only thing we have to fear is fear itself
C．Wailing for pain can cause more dread than pain itself
D．Dread varies with time
7、What can be said about temporal discounting?
A．It is often used in lottery.
B．It is a marketing strategy.
C．It becomes useless when people judge pain.
D．It is a kind of decision-making.
8、The phrase “in time” in line 4, para. 7, is closest in meaning to______.
A．very soon
B．early enough
C．in the end
D．fairly long period of time
9、Which of the following is NOT true about the study made by Story and his colleagues?
A．It helped to develop diagnostic tools.
B．It showed that the dread of pain increased rapidly as pain approached in time.
C．It changed round the usual pattern of temporal discounting.
D．It involved giving mild electric shocks to a number of subjects.
10、What can be inferred from the passage when people have to receive painful treatments?
A．They are more likely to take them.
B．They will try to postpone them.
C．They will consider whether the treatments are worth confronting.
D．They will abandon such treatments.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 BDBBB 6~10 CCDA
如果这样刷题不过瘾，请立即安装APP刷题，历年真题、高质量模拟题应有尽有。
上学吧找答案
上学吧题库APP
