自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) Every year geohazards—such as volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and tsunamis—claim thousands of lives, devastate homes and destroy livelihoods. In an effort to reduce their impact, more than 250 scientists from around the world gathered for a five-day workshop at ESA’s Earth Observation Centre in Frascati, Italy, to adopt a declaration for an internationally coordinated program to help save lives and reduce human suffering worldwide. Because of their unique, panoramic view from space, Earth Observation (EO) satellites can regularly monitor high-risk regions—namely over volcanoes, major landslides and seismic faults. Satellite imagery combined with in-situ measurements make it possible to produce hazard maps, disaster scenarios, forecasts and post-event assessments maps. “This workshop is very beneficial because it attracts experts from approximately 40 countries in the field of geohazards and allows us to present results of EO applications from our respective countries,” Dr Vernon H. Singhroy, Senior Research Scientist at the Canada Centre for Remote Sensing, said. “ESA is leading the way in satellite observations and applications for geohazards,” Singhroy continued. “As a community, we learn from the extensive applications of geohazard processes, such as InSAR monitoring, across Europe conducted through ESA programs. Data from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments like those flown aboard ESA’s Envisat and ERS-2 satellites are the basis for a technique called SAR interferometry, or InSAR for short. InSAR involves combining two or more radar images of the same ground location in such a way that very precise measurements —down to a scale of a few millimetres—can be made of any ground motion taking place between image acquisitions. Because very small movements can potentially be detected across tectonic plates grinding past one another or the slow “breathing” of active volcanoes, for example, InSAR has achieved spectacular results in various fields such as the monitoring of volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and land subsidence. “The integration of in-situ observations with satellite observations helps us to better understand and forecast specific geological phenomena like volcanoes and seismic sites,” said Jacques Varet, Director of Strategic Planning for Geoscience for a sustainable Earth (BRGM) and Vice President of EuroGeoSurveys.“In-situ observations have a local approach while space-based observations have a global approach. With these communities working together, we integrate our approach and enlarge our horizon.”Which of the following would probably NOT be found in geohazards?
A．A heavy fall of earth and rocks down the side of a mountain.
B．A heavy rain.
C．A long high sea wave.
D．An ejection of lava.
2、Hazard maps can be produced with_______.
A．the pictures taken by the satellite
B．the measurements made by the satellite
C．the pictures taken and the measurements made by the satellite
D．the pictures taken by the satellite and the measurements made where the hazard occurred
3、The word “seismic” in line 2, para 2, is closest in meaning to______.
A．relating to earthquakes
B．relating to land subsidence
C．relating to tsunamis
D．relating to landslides
4、What can be inferred about ESA from the passage?
A．It is a space organization in Europe.
B．It is a space organization in Italy.
C．It is a geological organization in Europe.
D．It is a geological organization in Italy.
5、With which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree?
A．InSAR can predict volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides and land subsidence.
B．InSAR can make precise measurements of any ground motion.
C．In-situ observations and satellite observations jointly help to better understand and forecast specific geohazards.
D．ESA is leading the way in satellite observations and applications for geohazards.
6、(B) Non-indigenous species of plants and animals arrive by way of two general types of pathways. First, species having origins outside the US may enter the country and become established either as free-living populations or under human cultivation—for example, in agriculture, horticulture, aquaculture, or as pets. Some cultivated species subsequently escape or are released and also become established as free-living populations. Second, species of either US or foreign origin and already within the US may spread to new locales. Pathways of both types include intentional as well as unintentional species transfers. Rates of species movement driven by human transformations of natural environments as well as by human mobility-through commerce, tourism, and travel—greatly exceed natural rates by comparison. While geographic distributions of species naturally expand or contract over historical time intervals, species’ ranges rarely expand thousands of miles or across physical barriers such as oceans or mountains. Habitat modification can create conditions favorable to the establishment of non-indigenous species. Soil disturbed in construction and agriculture is open for colonization by non-indigenous weeds, which in turn may provide habitats for the non-indigenous insects that evolved with them. Human-generated changes in fire frequency, grazing intensity, as well as soil stability and nutrient levels similarly facilitate the spread and establishment of non-indigenous plants. When human changes to natural environments span large geographical areas, they effectively create passages for species movement between previously isolated locales. The rapid spread of the Russian wheat aphid to fifteen states in just two years following its 1986 arrival has been attributed in part to the prevalence of alternative host plants that are available when wheat is not. Many of these are non-indigenous grasses recommended for planting on the forty million or more acres enrolled in the US Department of Agriculture Conservation Reserve Program. A number of factors perplex quantitative evaluation of the relative importance of various entry pathways. Time lags often occur between establishment of non-indigenous species and their detection, and tracing the pathway fora long-established species is difficult. Experts estimate that non-indigenous weeds are usually detected only after having been in the country for thirty years or having spread to at least ten thousand acres. In addition, federal port inspection, although a major source of information on non-indigenous species pathways, especially for agriculture pests, provides data only when such species enter via closely-examined routes. Finally, some comparisons between pathways defy quantitative analysis—for example, which is more “important”: the entry path of one very harmful species or one by which many but less harmful species enter the country?Which of the following about species movement is best supported by the passage?
A．Human factors affect its rates more than its long-term amount.
B．Natural expansions of species account for their slow contractions.
C．Natural environments created by human facilitate species movement.
D．Long-range species movement relies on the ranges of man’s mobility.
7、According to the passage, the US Department of Agriculture______.
A．is liable for the fast distribution of the Russian wheat pest
B．failed to isolate the Russian wheat aphid in limited locales
C．provides data about foreign species imported by regulated routes
D．is responsible for introducing harmful plants onto federal lands
8、All of the following affect the movement of species EXCEPT_____.
A．earth fertility
B．import restrictions
C．natural obstacles
D．fire disasters
9、To determine the entry pathway for a non-native species is LEAST likely to depend on_____.
A．whether the species is considered to be a pest
B．whether the species enters by a closely-checked route
C．the rate at which the species extends geographically
D．the magnitude of the average number of the species
10、Which of the following may best express the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To explain the difficulties in tracing the pathways for long-established species.
B．To describe the events leading to the detection of non-indigenous species.
C．To identify the problems in assessing the weight of entry tracks for foreign species
D．To discuss the role of time lags and geographic expansion in species detection.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 BDAAC 6~10 DABD
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