自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) A few years ago, the first atom lasers were built, devices that produce a beam of atoms with many of the properties of a laser beam. Now physicists at the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics and the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet in Munich have demonstrated that atom lasers can be integrated on a microchip. This result dramatically simplifies the production of laser-like matter waves, and call be compared to the step from single transistors to integrated microelectronics. The new devices are expected to become key components in future technologies ranging from ultraprecise measurements to quantum information processing. Quantum mechanics has taught us that atoms behave like waves, spreading out in space and being able to interfere much like light waves do. The tiny size of these matter waves and their fast and irregular movement play together to hide them from even a microscope’s view under normal conditions. This changed dramatically when the first “atom lasers” were built a few years ago. By realizing a phenomenon known as “Bose-Einstein condensation” physicists were able to put thousands of atoms into the same quantum state, and to take real-life images of this amplified atomic matter wave with an ordinary video camera. Many scientists believe that Bose-Einstein condensates and atom lasers will lead to revolutionary new technologies, just as laser has revolutionized fields as diverse as eye surgery, consumer audio electronics and high-speed telecommunication. However, much like the early lasers, the first atom lasers were bulky machines that filled entire research laboratories. Indeed, to suspend the cloud of atoms, they used large, water-cooled electromagnets that consumed as much electrical power as a few dozen “hair dryers”. Moreover, the most advanced vacuum technologies were needed to isolate the atoms from their environment while they were being cooled down to the near-absolute zero temperature which is required for Bose-Einstein condensation. Now, researchers of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics and the University of Munich have dramatically simplified atom laser construction by using a thumbnail-sized microchip to achieve Bose-Einstein condensation. In their experiments, the cloud of condensed atoms hovers just above the micron-sized gold wires which are inscribed on the chip. The microchip not only replaces the coils and cuts the power consumption to a small fraction of what it used to be. In addition, it drastically shortens the time required to produce the condensate, from about a minute to a few seconds. This in turn relaxes the stringent vacuum requirements of the older experiments. But the new technique has another advantage, which may well turn out to be the most important one. Just as in microelectronics, many“atom-optical” components may be integrated on a single chip. In these first experiments already, the Munich researchers have successfully transported the fragile matter waves along the chip surface, using a special arrangement of microwires to create a “magnetic conveyor belt”. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A.Bose-Einstein condensation.
B.Revolutionary new technologies.
C.Atom lasers.
D.Integration of atom lasers on a microchip.
2、The word “microchip” in line 4, para.1, refers to ______.
A.a scrap
B.a silicon chip
C.a computer part
D.a chip that can’t be seen with the naked eye
3、Why can’t atom waves be seen through a microscope under normal conditions?
A.Because of their small size and fast and irregular movement.
B.Because of their spreading out in space.
C.Because of their interference like light waves.
D.Because of Bose- Einstein condensation.
4、What does the author think of the first atom lasers according to the passage?
A.They led to revolutionary new technologies.
B.They were significant in medicine, electronics and telecommunication.
C.They were too big.
D.They made a difference to quantum mechanics.
5、Which of the following is NOT true about the new technique of atom laser construction?
A.It is an advance from single transistors to integrated microelectronics.
B.Many “atom-optical” components may be integrated on a microchip.
C.There will be no more strict vacuum requirements.
D.It is no more time consuming to produce the condensate.
6、(B) Poultry workers in the United States are 32 times more likely to carry E. coli bacteria resistant to the commonly used antibiotic, gentamicin, than others outside the poultry industry, according to a recent study conducted by researchers at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. While drug-resistant bacteria, such as E. coli, are common in the industrial broiler chicken environment, this is the first U.S. research to show exposure occurring at a high level among industrial poultry workers. “The use of antimicrobials in industrial food production has been going on for over 50 years in the United States,” said the study’s lead author, Lance B. Price, who serves on the research faculty at the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, and is a scientific advisor to the Johns Hopkins Center for a Livable Future. “Some estimates indicate that well over half of the antimicrobial drugs produced in the United States are used in food animal production. In the U.S. alone, over nine billion food animals are produced annually.” The study was conducted with poultry workers and community residents in the eastern shore regions of Maryland and Virginia, and it confirms similar studies in Europe showing that poultry farmers and workers are at risk of exposure to drug resistant E. coli bacteria. The Maryland and Virginia regions on the Delmarva Peninsula are among the top broiler chicken producing regions in the U.S., producing more than 600 million chickens annually. In the study, researchers conducted in-depth analyses of 49 study participants, 16 working within the poultry industry and 33 community residents. Stool samples from the participants were tested for resistance to the antimicrobials ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriazone, gentamicin and tetracycline. Findings showed that poultry workers had 32 times greater odds of being colonized with gentamicin-resistant E. coli than other members of the community. “One of the major implications of this study is to underscore the importance of the non-hospital environment in the origin of drug resistant infections,” said Ellen K.Silbergeld, PhD, senior author of the study. Price, PhD, and other researchers note that as food animal production shifted from the independent farmer to large-scale, industrialized operations, the use of antimicrobials in feeds intended to stimulate growth has increased. Currently 16 different antimicrobial drugs are approved for use in U.S. poultry production with gentamicin reported to be the most widely used. What is the passage mainly about?
A.Why poultry workers in the US are more likely to carry drug resistant E. coli bacteria.
B.How bacteria are resistant to antimicrobial drugs.
C.Findings in a recent study with poultry workers and community residents.
D.Food animal production in the US.
7、The expression “broiler chicken” in line 4, para.1, refers to ______.
A.chicken kept in a broiler
B.chicken reared for marketing
C.chicken suitable for roasting
D.chicken suitable for stewing
8、Why are antimicrobials used widely in poultry production?
A.To create a non-hospital environment for the poultry.
B.To increase the number of poultry.
C.To prevent contagious diseases.
D.To help the poultry to grow.
9、How was the study conducted with poultry workers and community residents?
A.By thorough analyses.
B.By stool examination.
C.By follow-up visits.
D.By comparison with the studies in Europe.
10、What does Ellen K.Silbergeld mean when stating that“One of the major implications of this study is to underscore the importance of the non-hospital environment in the origin of drug resistant infections”?
A.The non-hospital environment is not so important in the origin of drug resistant infections.
B.It is very important to know why drug-resistant infections occur outside hospital.
C.It is the non-hospital environment that determines the origin of drug resistant infections.
D.It should be emphasized that the non-hospital environment call be the origin of drug resistant infections.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 DBACA 6~10 CCDB
如果这样刷题不过瘾，请立即安装APP刷题，历年真题、高质量模拟题应有尽有。
上学吧找答案
上学吧题库APP
