自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题 Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) MIT scientists have cooled a sodium gas to the lowest temperature ever recorded—only half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero. “To go below one nanokelvin is a little like running a mile under four minutes for the first time,” said Nobel laureate Wolfgang Ketterle, co-leader of the team. “Ultra-low temperature gases could lead to vast improvements in precision measurements by allowing better atomic clocks and sensors for gravity and rotation,” said David E. Pritchard, a pioneer in atom optics and atom interferometry and co-leader of the MIT group. The researchers also expect new phenomena to occur at such low temperatures involving, for example, how cold atoms interact with surfaces and how atoms move when they are confined to a narrow channel or layer. These gases form a remarkable state of matter called a quantum fluid, so studying their properties also provides new insights into the basic physics of matter. At absolute zero (-273 degrees C or -460 degrees F), all atomic motion comes to a standstill since the cooling process has extracted all the particles’ energy. By improving cooling methods, scientists have succeeded in getting closer and closer to absolute zero. At room temperature, atoms move at the speed of a jet airplane. At the new record-low temperature, atoms are a million times slower—it takes them half a minute to move one inch. In 1995, a group at the University of Colorado at Boulder and an MIT group led by Ketterle cooled atomic gases to below one microkelvin (one-millionth of a degree above absolute zero). In doing so they discovered a new form of matter, the Bose-Einstein condensate, where the particles march in lockstep instead of flitting around independently. The discovery of Bose-Einstein condensates was recognized with the 2001 Nobel Prize in physics, which Ketterle shared with his Boulder colleagues Eric Cornell and Carl Wieman. Since this breakthrough, many groups worldwide now routinely reach nanokelvin temperatures; the lowest temperature reported before now was 3 nanokelvin. The new record set by the MIT group is 500 picokelvin, or six times lower. At such low temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in physical containers, because they would stick to the walls. Furthermore, no known container can be cooled to such temperatures. Therefore, the atoms are surrounded by magnets, which keep the gaseous cloud confined. "In an ordinary container, particles bounce off the walls. In our container, atoms are repelled by magnetic fields," explained physics graduate student Aaron Leanhardt. Which of the following do the researchers hope to know at the new record-low temperature?
A.How to improve precision in measurement.
B.How to form a quantum fluid.
C.How atoms interact with each other.
D.How atoms move in a narrow channel.
2、In the ultra-low temperature gas, atoms move ________.
A.as fast as a plane
B.as if running a mile under four minutes
C.at speed of half a minute
D.one inch for 30 seconds
3、The 2001 Nobel Prize in physics was attributed to ________.
A.the efforts made by MIT scientists
B.the efforts made by the scientists at the University of Colorado
C.the discovery of the Bose-Einstein condensate
D.improvements in precision measurements
4、According to this passage, the lowest temperature reported so far is________.
A.three nanokelvin
B.half-a-billionth of a degree above absolute zero
C.one microkelvin
D.one nanokelvin
5、Which of the following is NOT true according to the last paragraph?
A.At nanokelvin temperatures, particles bounce off the walls in an ordinary container.
B.At nanokelvin temperatures, atoms cannot be kept in an ordinary container.
C.There has never been a container that can be cooled to nanokelvin temperatures.
D.At nanokelvin temperatures, the magnetic force pushes the atoms away from each other.
6、(B) Modern technology and science have produced a wealth of new materials and new ways of using old materials. For the artist this means wider opportunities. There is no doubt that the limitations of materials and nature of tools both restrict and shape a man’s work. Observe how the development of plastics and light metals along with new methods of welding has changed the direction of sculpture. Transparent plastic materials allow one to look through an object, to see its vast sides superimposed on each other (as in Cubism or in an X-ray). Today, welding is as prevalent as casting was in the past. This new method encourages open designs, where surrounding and intervening space becomes as important as form itself. More ambiguous than other scientific inventions familiar to modern artists, but no less influential, are the psychoanalytic studies of Freud and his followers, discoveries that have infiltrated recent art, especially Surrealism. The Surrealists, in their struggle to escape the monotony and frustrations of everyday life, claimed that dreams were the only hope. Turning to the irrational world of their unconscious, they banished all time barriers and moral judgments to combine disconnected dream experiences from the past, present and intervening psychological states. The Surrealists were concerned with overlapping emotions more than with overlapping forms. Their paintings often become segmented capsules of associative experiences. For them, obsessive and often unrelated images replaced the direct emotional messages of Expressionism. They did not need to smash paint and canvas; they went beyond this to smash the whole continuity of logical thought. There is doubt that contemporary art has taken much from contemporary life. In a period when science has made revolutionary strides, artists in their studios have not been unaware of scientists in their laboratories. But this has rarely been a one-way street. Painters and sculptors, though admittedly influenced by modern science, have also molded and changed our world. If break-up has been a vital part of their expression, it has not always been a symbol of destruction; quite the contrary; it has been used to examine more fully, to penetrate more deeply, to analyze more thoroughly, to change, isolate and make more familiar certain aspects of life that earlier we were apt to neglect. In addition, it sometimes provides rich multiple experiences so organized as not merely to reflect our world, but in fact to interpret it.It can be learned from the passage that artistic creations________.
A.can be seen as the reflections, of the material world
B.seem to be incapable of escaping material advances
C.are said to have made great strides scientifically
D.appear to be the reproductions of modern technology
7、The inventions of new materials and welding techniques________.
A.are responsible for most of the changes in sculpture arts
B.enable sculptors to superimpose multiple sides of their designs
C.permit details of an object to be magnified and seen clearly
D.provoke artists to make themselves adaptable to the surroundings
8、According to the passage, Freud’s studies________.
A.are less comprehensible than most scientific inventions
B.are more controversial than any other scientific findings
C.have imposed much interference upon contemporary arts
D.have found their expression in the Surrealism’s claims
9、The Surrealists made every effort ________.
A.to transform real existence into incoherent dreams
B.to diminish all time barriers and moral judgments
C.to express their disconnected subconscious thoughts
D.to substitute direct expressions for fragmented images
10、The passage supports which of the following conclusions?
A.Contemporary art has been nourished by modern science.
B.The impacts of modern art and science are actually mutual.
C.Destruction or break-up has been typical of modern art.
D.The art’s analysis of our world seems deeper than science’s.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 DDCBA 6~10 DABD
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