自考英语是指参加全国高等教育自学英语专业的考试，主要是培养具有扎实的英语语言基础和比较广泛的科学文化知识，能在外事、经贸、文化、新闻出版、教育、科研、旅游等部门从事翻译、研究、教学、管理工作的英语高级专门人才。上学吧自考英语题库是专门为自考英语专业的考生提供刷题服务的，相信考生在不断地坚持刷题练习中定会有所收获。现在就点击安装APP刷题。以下为试卷的详细内容：
一、阅读理解题Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and put the letter in the bracket. (20%)参考答案见试卷末尾
1、(A) In the aftermath of a disaster like the massive typhoon Haiyan, which devastated the Philippines on 8 November, confusion often reigns and sketchy information abounds. This can leave responders unsure if their efforts are being put to the best effect. A coordinated army of smart software and aerial drones could change that. By gathering information from across an affected software agents — algorithms that can work with a degree of autonomy — will build a picture of the situation and give recommendations for how people should direct their resources to mitigate damage and save lives. The system, called Orchid, is being developed as part of a ￡10 million project of the same name funded by the UK government. Initial testing has shown promising results, and Rescue Global, a London-based disaster responder, is planning a field trial next year. Orchid’s software agents come in several flavours: they inhabit flying drones with on-board cameras, and servers that sift data coming in from the disaster area, like pictures, tweets or even sensor readings. Each is programmed to watch for rapid changes to a situation. For example, if air quality sensors suggested that a chemical plant was leaking toxic gas, the sensors could send a signal to drones on a mapping project that could then fly to the scene, take further readings and shoot video from several different camera angles. The information is then communicated wirelessly to an agent called a planner that assesses it and makes a suggestion to the person coordinating the aid effort on how to proceed. “We are trying to fix the inefficiencies in deploying emergency responders that prevent proper prioritisation and scheduling of rescue tasks,” says Sarvapali Ramchum, a computer scientist at the University of Southampton in the UK, which leads a consortium of universities and companies working on the Orchid project. In the wake of the magnitude 7 quake that devastated Port-au-Prince, Haiti, in January 2010, such a a system could have been a huge help, says Ramchum. “Roads were completely blocked and buildings were down so they had to remap the city to find the accessible zones for relief operations,” he says. That was performed via crowdsourced reports to the Ushahidi website and use of Open Street Map—but it took 48 hours to complete. The Orchid team say software agents in charge of swarms of airborne drones could do that far quicker. The agents are also designed to address a common problem in disasters: unreliable data. Distressed people in traumatic circumstances can supply inaccurate information. For instance, following the 2011 nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant in Japan, people bought or built their own Geiger counters to track the spread of radiation. But many of the reported readings were implausibly high. Orchid’s information-gathering agents weed out reports that appear erroneous, quashing outlying high or low numbers in a dataset. In simulations of radioactive plumes that the team has run, this has worked well.What is the passage primarily about?
A．Drones inhabited with smart software to plot disaster relief.
B．Orchid’s software.
C．How to plot typhoon relief.
D．Application of Orchid to plotting quake relief.
2、It can be inferred from the passage that______.
A．Orchid did a great deal in the relief operations at Port-au-Prince
B．Port-au-Prince suffered acutely from the earthquake
C．Orchid has some weaknesses in preventing prioritization of rescue tasks
D．Orchid’s information-gathering agents have worked well in real situations
3、In which of the aspects does the Orchid system need improving?
A．Inefficiency.
B．Addressing unreliable data.
C．Proper prioritisation.
D．Gathering information.
4、The word “traumatic” in line 2, para. 9 is closest in meaning to______.
A．powerful
B．terrible
C．troublesome
D．emotionally disturbing
5、Orchid’s software agents can perform all the following tasks EXCEPT_______,
A．dealing with inaccurate data
B．examining sensor readings
C．removing incorrect reports
D．coordinating the aid effort
6、(B) To a casual observer of the latest round of United Nations climate talks in Warsaw, Poland, last week, it was a battle between Polish coal miners determined to hang on to their jobs, and the people of the Philippines, who would rather not lose their lives to the tempests likely unleashed by climate change. In the corridors, the talks looked different: another stage in the agonizingly slow crawl towards a deal on carbon emission that diplomats hope to seal in 2015. Little progress was made on most issues, but the two-week negotiations did end with an outline agreement that could one day allow people like the Filipino victims of the super-typhoon Haiyan to use science to sue coal-mining firms and power companies for compensation. The deal was still being hammered out on Saturday—a day after the talks were due to close. After compromises from all sides, the negotiators agreed to set up an “international mechanism to provide roost vulnerable populations with better protection against loss and damage caused by extreme weather”. It was a tacit acceptance that the promises made by governments at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janiero in 1992 to prevent “dangerous climate change” have failed. Dangerous climate change is now happening. It is not yet clear how such an international mechanism will work. Rich nations remain deeply hostile to the idea to handing out compensation payments after disasters. But, with efforts to prevent escalating climate change making such slow progress, it could all end up in court with or without this mechanism in place. Lawyers say nations hit by extreme weather might already have a case at the UN International Court of Justice in The Hague, the Netherland, which resolves legal disputes between nations. For example, the court could attempt to charge rich nations with failing to honor their Earth Summit commitment.Such cases would depend on researchers’ increasing ability to attribute blame for specific disasters. Myles Allen and fellow climate modellers at the University of Oxford have shown that the European heatwave of 2003, which may have killed as many as 70,000 people, was made at least twice as likely by global warming. Researchers could well conclude that typhoon Haiyan has human fingerprints all over it. Especially since the most recent assessment of climate science from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found that warmer oceans are increasing the intensity of winds in tropical cyclones, while rising sea levels worsen storm surges. Allen says legal culpability should start 1990, the year governments signed off the first IPCC report about climate change. After that date, polluters cannot claim they were ignorant of the consequences. Moreover, Allen says, by 2023, two-thirds of all the planet-warming emissions ever caused by humans will have happened since 1990.What is the passage mainly concerned with?
A．Who should pay for climate change disasters.
B．United Nations climate talks in Warsaw.
C．Carbon emission.
D．Dangerous climate change.
7、Which of the following is NOT true about the latest round of United Nations climate conference in Warsaw?
A．It was stormy.
B．It was full of argument and conflict.
C．It concluded with an agreement to set up an international mechanism.
D．It was a battle between Polish coal miners and the people of the Philippines.
8、Paying compensation after disasters may involve all of the following EXCEPT_______.
A．polluters
B．victims’ suit
C．the ability of the climate change researches to prove who was responsible for specific disasters
D．rich countries’ commitment
9、The word “fingerprints” in line 5, para. 7 refers to______.
A．marks
B．traces
C．factors
D．interference
10、What does Allen imply when he mentions the first IPCC report about climate change?
A．Winds in the tropical storm are becoming more and more intense.
B．Polluters cannot claim they did not know the consequences.
C．He is doubtful about the effectiveness of international agreements about climate changes.
D．Polluters should be responsible for their wrong doings.
参考答案：
【一、阅读理解题】
1~5 ABCDD 6~10 ADDC
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